CHAPTER 30🦅 Flashcards
Juan Manuel de Rosas (vocab)
One of the most notable caudillos who ruled a divided Argentina and tried to unify it in a bloody fashion, ultimately succeeding
Benito Juárez (vocab)
President of Mexico who led the reform known as “La Reforma”; he called for a liberal reform designed to create a rural middle class
Sitting Bull (vocab)
One of the most important Native American political leaders who fought for their independence and rights, leading over 3000 Native Americans to victory in the Battle of Little Bighorn, overwhelming Custer’s smaller force of 300.
Walt Whitman (vocab)
American poet most famous for “Song of Myself”, he describe America as a nation teeming with nations
Louis Riel (vocab)
A leader of the Metis and other indigenous people of Canada, he abandoned studies for priesthood and led troops to capture Fort Garry (modern-day Winnipeg)
Metis (vocab)
Aboriginal people in Canada who trace their descent to mixed First Nations and European heritage
Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (vocab)
President of Argentina who despised the rule of caudillos and worked to develop society based on European values, influenced by the Enlightenment.
Abraham Lincoln (vocab)
16th president of the US and a key factor in the civil war, he made the Emancipation Proclamation which freed the slaves and sparked the Civil War
Gauchos (vocab)
Known as the “cowboys” of Argentina who were pastoralists that herded cattle and horses on pampas, leading independent and self-sufficient lives
Zapatistas (vocab)
Followers of Emiliano Zapata who worked in the domestic realm to provide food for soldiers and others breached the domestic barrier by becoming soldiers and officers themselves
Caudillos (vocab)
Regional military leaders who came to power in much of Latin America, providing military leaders as opposed to civilian leaders
Simón Bolívar (vocab)
Liberator in South America who worked for the establishment of a large confederation that would provide Latin America with the political, military, and economic strength to resist encroachment by foreign powers
John A. Macdonald (vocab)
The first prime minister of Canada who wanted to join all of North America Canada into the Dominion of Canada
Battle of the Little Bighorn (vocab)
a battle in southern Montana where the Lakota Sioux defeated an army under Colonel George Armstrong Custer
Wounded Knee (vocab)
A symbolic and dreadful event occurred when a Sioux man accidentally shot a gun which resulted in the killing of over 200 Sioux men, women, and children
US Civil War (vocab)
11 southern states seceded from the Union and civil war arose mainly due to slavery
Mexican-American War (vocab)
Conflicts over a period of time due to westward expansion into Mexican Territory, where the US claimed modern day Texas, California, and New Mexico
The War of 1812 (vocab)
A war between the United States and Britain due to British forces encroaching on US citizens rights during the Napoleonic war
La Reforma (vocab)
Reform in Mexico aimed to limit the power of the military and the Roman Catholic church in the Mexican society
Reconstruction (vocab)
A period (1867-1877) where northern forces sent armies of occupation into southern states to force them to undergo political and social reform to establish a place where freed slaves could live
Seneca Falls Convention (vocab)
A convention in 1848 where feminists issued the “Declaration of Sentiments” which demanded equal political and economic rights for US women
California Gold Rush (vocab)
A time period beginning in 1848 where over 300K people traveled to California from the US and abroad in search of gold
Trail of Tears (vocab)
An 800 mile (1,287.48 km) forced Cherokee migration from the eastern woodlands to Oklahoma where thousands died of starvation, disease, and the hardships of relocating
Louisiana Purchase (vocab)
The US purchased 828,200 sq mi (2,146,582 sq km) of land from France in 1803 for 15 million dollars
Manifest Destiny (vocab)
an idea where the US was destined to move west, even divinely ordained to expand from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific and beyond
Indian Removal Act of 1830 (vocab)
the US gov. attempted to move all Native American peoples west of the Mississippi into Indian Territory (Oklahoma)
Emancipation Proclamation (vocab)
A document created and enforced to the Union by Abraham Lincoln, which freed all slaves in the states that rebelled
Durham Report (vocab)
A report issued by John George Lambton which called for self-governing of Canada, and proceeded to inspire other imperial policies in nations
The British North America Act of 1867 (vocab)
An act which joined Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick and recognized those provinces as the Dominion of Canada
Railroads (vocab)
Extremely important route of transportation during expansion. Allowed for faster and safer transportation of people and goods
National Policy (vocab)
An idea created to attract migrants, protect nascent industries through tariffs, and build national transportation systems
Canadian Pacific Railroad (vocab)
a railroad system built largely off of British investment which opened the western Prairie lands to commerce, stimulated the development of other industries, and promoted the emergence of a Canadian national economy
Machismo (vocab)
A social ethic that honored male strength, courage, and aggressiveness
After the revolution, Britain gave the US all lands…
east of the Mississippi river
Between 1804 and 1806, the Lewis and Clark expedition…
mapped and surveyed the resources of the land in the west
By the 1840s, coast-to-coast expansion in the US was…
claimed as the manifest destiny of the US
The Cherokees were forced to migrate from…
the eastern woodlands to Oklahoma
In the early 1800s, Texas declared independence from which state, and in what year?
Mexico, 1836
In 1845, the US accepted which region as a new state?
Texas
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 allowed…
the US to purchase Texas, California, and New Mexico
Cotton cultivation in the south was dependent on…
slave labor
The Missouri Compromise of 1820 attempted to…
maintain a balance between slave and free states
In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected president and…
was committed to free soil (territories without slavery)
Southerners labeled their economy of cotton production and slavery as…
self-sufficient
Two years after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued…
the thirteenth amendment was ratified
After 1781, many British loyalists fled the US to seek refuge in…
Canada
Anti-US sentiments during the War of 1812 created…
a sense of unity among French and British Canadians, but this was lost after the 1830s.
Britain’s Dominion of Canada kept jurisdiction over foreign affairs until which year?
1931
The Canadian Pacific Railway (transcontinental) helped bring which three new provinces into the Dominion of Canada?
Alberta and Saskatchewan in 1905; Newfoundland in 1949
Who became the first prime minister in Canada?
John A. Macdonald
After gaining independence, Creole elites faced…
political instability
The one thing that the different Latin American elites agreed on was…
claiming indigenous peoples’ land for agriculture and ranching
Political division in Latin America caused what group to come to power?
caudillos
What were the three phases of Mexico’s rule?
monarchy, republic, caudillo
The Mexican Revolution (1910-1920) broke out when…
the middle class joined with peasants to overthrow dictator Porfirio Diaz
Between 1840 and 1914, how many Europeans migrated to America?
around 25 million
Between 1852 and 1875, approximately how many Chinese immigrants came to California to work?
two hundred thousand (200,000)
In the context of finance, what factor contributed to US industrial expansion?
The low cost of migrant labor
In 1877, two-thirds of US railroads were shut down from…
a nationwide coordinated strike or rail workers
From 1870 to 1900, what began emerging in the US?
large-scale labor unions
British investment capital in the US was…
crucial to the early stages of industrial development
As a result of the National Policy, Canada…
experienced a boom in agricultural and industrial production
By the late 19th century, the US had become…
a multicultural society
British and French Settlers each viewed themselves as…
Canada’s founding people
Between 1896 and 1914, how many migrants from Britain, the US, and eastern Europe arrive in Canada?
3 million
Slavery was legal in the British Empire until…
1833
The Northwest Rebellion of 1885 was…
an uprising of Métis and native peoples led by Louis Riel
Latin American societies were organized by…
ethnicity and color
Despite the lack of women’s movements in 19th century Latin America, there were efforts for improvement in which category?
education for girls
Gaucho life was often disrupted by what?
caudillo rule
