chapter 24 Flashcards
Taino (vocab)
the most prominent agricultural society in the Caribbean at the time when the Spanish Mariners arrived there
Conquistadors (vocab)
Spanish mariners or conquerors who initially invaded the Caribbean Islands and then moved farther West to invade Mexico and South America
Francisco Pizarro (vocab)
The Spanish conquistador that toppled the Inca Empire in 1533
Motecuzoma II (vocab)
The emperor of the Aztec empire when it was captured by the Spanish, killed in 1520 trying to defend it
Huéscar (vocab)
Part of the Incan ruling class during the collapse of the Incan, he was in a major conflict with his brother Atahualpa
Atahualpa (vocab)
The Incan ruler during the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors, he was strangled by the Incas and decapitated after handing over large amounts of gold to the Spanish
Mestizo (vocab)
Meaning “mixed”, a Latin American term for children of Spanish and native parentage
Peninsulares (vocab)
Migrants in Spanish and Portuguese colonies that were born in Europe
Criollos (vocab)
Those born in the American colonies of Iberian parents
Metis (vocab)
Children born from French Fur traders interacting with the indigenous women of North America
The Virgin of Guadalupe (vocab)
The “Virgin Mary” who became a national symbol to the Catholic Mestizos, with thousands of people making pilgrimages to visit her shrine
James Cook (vocab)
In 1770, he was the first explorer to chart Australia and he discovered the Great Barrier Reef
New Spain (vocab)
Modern day Mexico, the Spanish established New Spain as one of their two authoritative centers in the Americas
Brazil (vocab)
A large South American country in which the Portuguese established their first imperial presence in the Americas
Zacatecas (vocab)
A region in Northern Mexico where silver mining was very productive
Potosí (vocab)
A region in the Northern Andes that was rich with silver, used by the Spanish
Terra Australis Incognita (vocab)
Meaning “unknown southern land”, it is the land that the European explorers believed must exist in the southern Hemisphere
Fur Trade (vocab)
The North American fur trade occurred between indigenous people who captured animals for fur and traded them to their colonizers who gave them manufactured items such as wool, iron, and firearms
Encomienda (vocab)
An institution where the Taino were forced to work in the fields and mines of Spanish settlers, who took care of their food and health and encouraged Christianity.
Smallpox (vocab)
A disease that wiped out the indigenous Caribbean and American populations that was brought over from Europe by conquistadors
Epidemic Disease (vocab)
A disease that wipes out large percentages of a population within a region or area
Audiencias (vocab)
Courts, staffed by lawyers, put in place by the King of Spain to make sure his viceroys didn’t gain too much power
Mita System (vocab)
A system of drafting workers for difficult and dangerous labor, that the Spanish copied from the Incas
Manila Galleons (vocab)
Spanish trading ships that traded between the Americas and Spanish controlled Philippines
