chapter 32 somebody sedate me Flashcards
Cecil John Rhodes (vocab)
(lived 1853-1902) a British mining magnate who made his fortune mining diamonds and gold. He also served as a politician in southern Africa as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony from 1890 to 1896 and who worked tirelessly on behalf of British imperial expansion.
King Leopold II of Belgium (vocab)
reigned from 1865 through 1909, helped to develop commercial ventures and establish a colony called Congo Free States in the basin of the Congo River.
Khoikhoi and Xhosa (vocab)
native peoples who occupied lands in South Africa that were came upon by Europeans. The Khoikhoi virtually went extinct by the early eighteenth century due to warfare, enslavement, and smallpox epidemics. Due to a century of intermittent warfare and the loss of lives, land, and resources to European settlers, the Xhosa were virtually extinct as well.
Maori (vocab)
an indigenous Polynesian population in New Zealand whose population fell from about 200,000 in 1800 to 45,000 a century later due to European migration.
Queen Liliuokalani (vocab)
reigned from 1891 through 1893 as queen of the Kingdom Hawaii, who invited the United States to annex the islands and in 1898 President William McKinley agreed to acquire the islands as U.S. possessions.
Emilio Aguinaldo (vocab)
president of the Philippines from 1896 through 1901 and military leader who led his Filipino rebels to fight back against American intruders, resulting in an insurrection.
Ram Mohan Roy (vocab)
(lived 1772-1833) one of the most influential Indian elites and a prominent Bengali intellectual sometimes referred to as the “father of modern India.” He argued for the construction of a society based on both modern European science and the Indian tradition of devotional Hinduism.
Suez Canal & Panama Canal (vocab)
The Suez canal was constructed in 1859 through 1869 in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. The Panama canal was constructed in 1904 through 1914 in Panama, connecting the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. The construction of these canals enhanced the effectiveness of steamships and facilitated the building and maintenance of empires by enabling naval vessels to travel rapidly between the world’s seas and oceans.
Battle of Omdurman (vocab)
(September 2, 1898) British army encountered a Sudanese force at Omdurman and killed close to 20,000 Sudanese in hours, resulting in an opportunity for British colonial rule in Sudan.
Scramble for Africa (vocab)
the quarter century between 1875 to 1900 in which European imperial powers partitioned and colonized almost the entire African continent.
South African War (vocab)
also known as the Boer War, caused by tensions between British authorities and Arikaners based on the influx of thousands of British miners and prospectors. The Afrikaners accepted defeat in 1902 and by 1910 the British government reconstituted the four former colonies as provinces in the Union of South Africa.
Berlin West Africa Conference (vocab)
(1884-1885) prompted by tensions between European powers who were seeking African colonies, the conference had delegates of twelve European states as well as the United States and the Ottoman empire there to devise the ground rules for the colonization of Africa.
Battle of Adwa (vocab)
(1896) battle where the well-equipped Ethiopian army dominated the Italians.
Spanish-Cuban-American War (vocab)
(1898-1899) was a result of the exploding and sinking of the U.S. battleship Maine in the Havana harbor because U.S. leaders claimed sabotage and declared war on Spain. The US was able to easily defeat Spain and take control and possession of Cuba and Puerto Rico. The US navy was able to destroy the Spanish fleet at Manila in a single day and afterward the United States took possession of Guam and the Philippines.
Russo-Japanese War (vocab)
war that broke out on February 8, 1904 between Russian and Japanese forces over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea that lasted until September 5, 1905.
Maji Maji Rebellion (vocab)
(1905-1906) a large scale rebellion organized by a local prophet in German East Africa to have Islamic and animist Africans expel German colonial authorities from east Africa.
Mission Civilisatrice (vocab)
also known as civilizing mission, a political rationale for military intervention and for colonization purporting to facilitate the modernization that was used as a justification for the expansion into Africa and Asia that was routinely invoked by French imperialists.
East India Company (vocab)
a British joint-stock-company that had a monopoly on English trade with India that eventually grew to be a state in India.
“Great Game” (vocab)
a risky pursuit of influence and intelligence that British military officers and imperialist adventurers engaged in which was a political and diplomatic confrontation between the British Empire and the Russian Empire over Afghanistan and neighboring territories in Central and South Asia.
Direct Rule (vocab)
a system of government in which a province is controlled by a central government, typically French colonies.
Indirect Rule (vocab)
a system of government of one nation by another in which the governed people retain certain administrative, legal, and other powers, a characteristic of British colonies.
Terra Nullius (vocab)
a Latin expression meaning “land belonging to no one” that British settlers used to justify their seizing of lands in Australia since nomadic foraging peoples of Australia did not occupy lands permanently.
Treaty of Waitangi (vocab)
a treaty that representatives of the British government encouraged Maori leaders to sign in 1840 that was presumably designed to place New Zealand under British protection but was interpreted differently by the British and the Maori. Instead the treaty signaled the coming of official British colonial control in New Zealand and inspired long lasting Maori opposition to British attempts to usurp their lands and sovereignty.
Monroe Doctrine (vocab)
a proclamation by President James Monroe that warned European states against imperialist designs in the western hemisphere and claimed the Americas as a U.S. protectorate.
Roosevelt Corollary (vocab)
an addition to the Monroe Doctrine in 1904 by President Theodore Roosevelt that exerted the U.S. right to intervene in the domestic affairs of nations within the hemisphere if they demonstrated an inability to maintain security deemed necessary to protect U.S. investments.
Indentured Labor (vocab)
a system of bonded labor that began in the 1820s where laborers were recruited to work on sugar, cotton, and tea plantations, and railroad construction projects in British colonies in the West Indies, Africa, and Southeast Asia.
Scientific Racism (vocab)
the belief that empirical evidence exists to support and justify racism that became prominent especially after the 1840s.
The Origin of Species (vocab)
a book written in 1859 by the English biologist Charles Darwin that argued that all living species had evolved over thousands of years in a ferocious contest for survival.
“Survival of the Fittest” (vocab)
a slogan for Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution; species that adapted well to their environment survived, reproduced, and flourished, whereas others that did not declined and went into extinction.
Indian National Congress (vocab)
founded in 1885, with British approval, it was one of the most important reform groups that was a forum for educated Indians to communicate their views on public affairs to colonial officials.
