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chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Daoism

A

Chinese philosophy of noncompetition known as “the way” that dates to the Zhou Dynasty in the sixth century BCE

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2
Q

Chan Buddhism

A

Sect of Buddhism that placed little emphasis on written texts but held intuition and insight in high regard

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3
Q

Shinto

A

Indigenous Japanese religion revolving around the veneration of ancestors and a host of nature spirits & deities

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4
Q

Shogun

A

A clan leader who acted as a military governor and ruled in place of the emperor of Japan

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5
Q

Samurai

A

Serving the provincial lords of Japan, they were warriors and specialists in the use of force and the arts of fighting

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6
Q

Kamakura

A

(1185-1333 CE) Period in Japan when political order was decentralized and provincial lords wielded power and authority by controlling land and economic affairs

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7
Q

Heian

A

(794-1185 CE) Period in Japan where an emperor was recognized as a symbol of Japan’s authority while serving as a ceremonial figurehead

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8
Q

Nam Viet

A

A southern land around the Red River that the Tang Dynasty attempted to conquer and absorb

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9
Q

Neo-Confucianism

A

Confucians of the Song Dynasty who drew inspiration from Buddhist thought on nature and the cosmos and merge it with Confucianism

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10
Q

Nirvana

A

An Indian term meaning the personal salvation that comes after an individual soul escapes from the cycle of reincarnation

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11
Q

Buddhism

A

Eastern religion that came to China vis the Silk Road as early as the first or second century BCE

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12
Q

Dunhuang

A

Location in western China where Chinese Buddhists built hundreds of cave temples depicted events in the life of Buddha

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13
Q

Wuwei

A

Translation of the Buddhist principle of nirvana to the Daoist ethic of noncompetition to make Buddhism more appealing to Chinese converts

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14
Q

Zhu Xi

A

The most important writer and philosopher of neo-Confucianism during the Song Dynasty

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15
Q

Nara

A

(710-794 CE) Period in Japan when Chinese influence was most prominent, centralizing Japanese politics instituting Chinese-styled bureaucracy

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16
Q

Tale of Genji

A

The most remarkable work of Japanese literature during the Heian Period, it reflects life at court during that time

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17
Q

Muromachu

A

(1336-1573 CE) Period in Japan when political order was decentralized and provincial lords wielded power and authority by controlling land and economic affairs

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18
Q

Confucianism

A

A traditional Chinese philosophy dating from the 6th century BCE, its purpose was to maintain order and provide effective government

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19
Q

Wu Zhao

A

Although once a concubine at the court of Tang Taizong, she rose to become the only woman in Chinese history to claim the imperial title and rule as Emperor

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20
Q

Song Taizu

A

Highly effective in first emperor of the Song Dynasty, he restored centralized administration and placed the military under tight supervision and expanded bureaucracy

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21
Q

Sui Dynasty

A

Short Chinese dynasty from 589-618 CE that built a strong centralized government by levying high taxes and demanding compulsory labor services

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21
Q

Tang Taizong

A

Ambitious and ruthless second emperor of the Tang Dynasty who provided effective and stable government and built the capital city of Chang’an

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22
Q

Sui Yangdi

A

Second emperor of the Sui Dynasty, he coordinated the construction of the Grand Canal by linking earlier canals with new ones, although at such great cost that he was later assassinated

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23
Q

Uighurs

A

Nomadic Turkish mercenaries brought in by the Tang to help end a rebellion

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24
Li Bai
Most popular poet of the Tang era who used Chinese social life as the dominant themes of his poetry
25
Gunpowder
First developed during the Tang Dynasty while attempting to produce elixirs to prolong life, it was quickly recognized for its potential military use
26
Yang Jian
Late 6th century military leader that brought China under centralized rule founding the Sui Dynasty
27
Tang Dynasty
(618-907 CE) Dynasty replacing the Sui that organized China into a powerful, productive, and prosperous society
28
Hangzhou
Prosperous port city that became the new capital city of the Song Dynasty after the establishment of the Jin Empire
29
Porcelain
Fired with glazes and lighter + thinner than earlier pottery, its productive diffused to other societies and was greatly demanded
30
Mahayana Buddhism
A religion foreign to China but encouraged by cultural exchange and interaction with peoples of other societies, slowly gaining a following in Tang & Song China
31
Foot binding
Practice that spread widely during the Song era that strengthened patriarchal authority to "enhance the attractiveness" of daughters
32
Song Dynasty
(960-1279 CE) Dynasty that managed to reinstitute centralized government in China after the collapse of the Tang Dynasty
33
Equal Field System
Governmental system put in place during the Tang Dynasty to assure equitable distribution of agricultural land
34
Grand Canal
Building project completed during the Sui Dynasty to facilitate trade between northern and southern China
35
What are the eras of China (in order)?
Shang Zhou Qin Han Sui Tang Song Yuan Ming Qing
36
How long is the Great Wall of china and what was it built out of?
It is over 4000 miles across northern china and it was built of stone facings with rubble fill
37
Why was the great wall built?
For protection for China from barbarians to the north
38
Where are the oldest known examples of Ancient Chinese language found?
On oracle bones in Hanzi Script
39
What is the Shang dynasty known for? (1766-1122 BCE)
It was the first dynasty of China
40
What is the Zhou dynasty known for? (1122-256 BCE)
Confucius developed system of moral values
41
What is the Han Dynasty known for (206 BCE - 220 CE)?
The empire expanded China into central Asia
42
What is the Sui dynasty known for? (589-618 CE)
A strong centralized Government was rebuilt by Yang Jian
43
What was the Tang Dynasty known for? (618-907 CE)
China became a powerful and prosperous society
44
What was the Song Dynasty known for? (960-1279 CE)
They primarily focused on administration, arts, industry, and education (not military)
45
What was the Yuan Dynasty known for? (1279-1368 CE)
It was the ruling dynasty after the Mongol conquest
46
What was the Ming dynasty known for? (1368-1644 CE)
It was the last imperial dynasty to be ruled by the Han Chinese
47
Why did the Sui dynasty fall apart?
People were mad at the high taxes due to the conscripted labor of the Grand Canal and the military failures in Korea
48
What did the Tang Dynasty achieve?
* Transportation and communication improvement (wide networks, stations, Grand Canal, postal services) * Equal field system (fell apart later) * Strong bureaucracy of merit
49
How available was the imperial civil service examinations?
Widely available
50
What did the Tang Dynasty manage to conquer?
Manchuria, Korea, Vietnam, Tibet
51
Why were the Uighurs invited into the Tang Dynasty?
To stop the rebellions led by An Lushan and others later in the ninth century
52
Why did the Song dynasty fall apart?
* The size of bureaucracy had a heavy drain on the economy * Lack of military training
53
What was the economic development of Tang and song china?
New Agricultural techniques, urbanization
54
How did Wu Zhao stay as empress?
She patronized Buddhism to legitimize her rule Organized a secret police
55
What are some notable innovations of China?
* Porcelain * Iron production * Gunpowder * Refined printing * Naval tech * Paper money * Silk road
56
How did Buddhism thrive in China?
*A mahayana Buddhist community grew in Dunhuang * Converts donated land holdings *Donated to the poor
57
How did Confucianism and Buddhism differ?
Confucianism: Emphasis on ethics + politics Family centered Buddhism: Emphasis on Metaphysics Ascetic ideal
58
What happened to Buddhists during the 840s
Their temples were closed down and they lost popularity
58
How did Silla dynasty get Tang armies to withdraw?
They went into a tributary relationship with the Tang dynasty
59
How were Japanese emperors different from Chinese?
Chinese emperors ruled over the imperial house, but Japanese emperors were figureheads (shoguns had the power)
60
What was seppuku?
It was a form of Japanese ritual suicide by disembowelment for samurai.
61
What is the Huang He river also known as?
The great sorrow
62
Which river is part of the world's oldest continuous civilization?
The yangtze river
63
What term refers to Chinese cities becoming increasingly cosmopolitan?
Hemispheric Economy

ap world history 🌎 (21 decks)

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