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chapter 25 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sunni Ali (vocab)

A

Songhay ruler from 1464-1493 who conquered his neighbors and consolidated the empire

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2
Q

King Nizinga Mbemba (vocab)

A

Also known as King Afonoso I, he was king of the Kongo from 1506 to 1542, who became a devout Roman Catholic and sought to convert all his subjects to Christianity

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3
Q

Queen Nzinga (vocab)

A

Queen of Ndongo from 1623-1663 who fought to drive out Portuguese colonizers and create her own central African empire

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4
Q

Khoikhoi (vocab)

A

hunting and gathering peoples of Southern Africa who were overtaken by the Dutch in the 17th and 18th century

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5
Q

Fulani (vocab)

A

Sub-Saharan African group that waged wars to try to impose their own interpretation of Islam in the 17th century

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6
Q

Dona Beatriz (vocab)

A

Aristocratic woman who claimed to be possessed by St. Anthony and started the Antonian movement

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7
Q

Olaudah Equiano (vocab)

A

A freed slave who wrote an autobiography about his experiences as a slave, and was a leader in the antislavery movement in England

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8
Q

Timbuktu (vocab)

A

Market city on the trans-Saharan caravan routes that became a prosperous trading center

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9
Q

Jenne-Jeno (vocab)

A

A center of iron production and trade that emerged around 400 CE, becoming the main commercial crossroad of west Africa

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10
Q

Swahili (vocab)

A

City states of east Africa that controlled trade

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11
Q

Great Zimbabwe (vocab)

A

A city made of stone towers that acted as a capital city and controlled trade between inland and coastal Africa, starting in the early 13th century

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12
Q

Saint-Domingue (vocab)

A

18th century French sugar colony that was subject to a slave revolt

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13
Q

Haiti (vocab)

A

The land of Saint-Domingue was renamed after a successful slave revolt in 1793

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14
Q

Ghana Empire (vocab)

A

It was the principal state of west Africa from the 8th to the 13th century

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15
Q

Mali Empire (vocab)

A

A powerful kingdom that emerged in the first half of the 13th century after the collapse of the Ghana Empire

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16
Q

Songhay Empire (vocab)

A

The dominant state in the western African grasslands during the 15th and 16th centuries, forming after the decline of the Mali

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17
Q

Kongo (vocab)

A

Prosperous state with tightly centralized government actively participating in trade networks for copper, cloth, and shells

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18
Q

Ndongo (vocab)

A

A powerful regional kingdom, referred to as Angola by the Portuguese, that became extremely wealthy by trading directly with Portuguese merchants rather than through the Kongolese

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19
Q

Antonian Movement (vocab)

A

Syncretic cult in Kongo that was started by Dona Beatriz in 1704, which taught that Jesus was a black African man, Kongo was the holy land, and that heaven was for Africans

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20
Q

Atlantic Slave Trade (vocab)

A

From the 15th to 19th centuries, Europeans traded African slaves for manufactured goods

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21
Q

Islamic Slave Trade (vocab)

A

Muslim networks that transported and estimated 10 million Africans to foreign lands between 750 and 1500 CE

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22
Q

Manioc (vocab)

A

American crop that became very important because of its high yield and cultivability

23
Q

Triangular trade (vocab)

A

Trade routes between Europe, Africa, and the Americas that traded slaves and goods

24
Q

Middle Passage (vocab)

A

The trans-Atlantic leg of the Triangular trade and the most brutal for slaves

25
Q

African Diaspora (vocab)

A

The dispersal of African peoples and their descendants

26
Q

Plantations (vocab)

A

Estates with fertile land that produced cash crops

27
Q

Cash Crops (vocab)

A

crops that are sold for a high profit

28
Q

Creole (vocab)

A

A group of languages used by slaves in the Americas that combines European and African tongues

29
Q

Gullah and Geechee (vocab)

A

Creole languages commonly used by slaves in South Carolina and Georgia

30
Q

Voudou, Santeria, and Candomblé (vocab)

A

Syncretic slaves religions that became popular in South America and the Caribbean

31
Q

The rise of maritime trade in the early modern era of Africa resulted in…

A

regional kingdoms replacing the imperial states of West Africa

32
Q

The decline of the Songhay empire, and the several small city-states that emerged afterword, were the result of…

A

Moroccan forces attacking and revolting against the empire

32
Q

All Songhay emperors were…

A

Muslim

33
Q

The Songhay capital city of Gao occupied…

A

75,000 residents, many whom participated in trans-Saharan trade

34
Q

Afonso I’s alliance with Portugal brought…

A

wealth and recognition to Kongo, but also the eventual destruction of it

35
Q

The arrival of the Europeans in Africa…

A

dramatically increased previously existing slave networks

36
Q

By 1700, large numbers of what had begun to arrive in south Africa?

A

Dutch colonists

37
Q

In sub-Saharan Africa, Islam was most popular in…

A

the commercial centers of west Africa and the Swahili city-states of east Africa

38
Q

Runaway slaves contributed to the spread of…

A

Islam and Christianity into sub-Saharan Africa

39
Q

How many Africans were forcefully brought to the Americas as part of the trans-Atlantic slave trade?

A

12 million

40
Q

From the 15th to 19th century, European peoples looked to whereas a source of labor for their plantations?

A

Africa

41
Q

From the 15th to 18th century, slave exports rose from 2,000 a year to…

A

55,000 a year

42
Q

The vast majority of slaves provided…

A

agricultural labor on plantations

43
Q

In 1516, Spanish colonists established the first plantations on…

A

the island of Hispaniola

44
Q

Among the prominent cash crops of the New World, the cultivation of coffee and cotton did not emerge until…

A

the 18th century

45
Q

Runaway slaves who gathered in mountainous and forested regions were known as…

A

maroons

46
Q

Slave revolts resulted in widespread death and destruction, but…

A

never actually brought an end to slavery

47
Q

In 1793, the slaves of Saint Domingue…

A

declared independence from France and established Haiti

48
Q

The only successful slave revolt in history, resulting in the establishment of a new state, was…

A

the Haitian Revolution

49
Q

The languages of Gullah and Geeche are both examples of…

A

Creole languages in the American south

50
Q

Frequent slave revolts in the 18th and 19th century made slavery…

A

an expensive and dangerous business

51
Q

Freed slaves contributed to the abolitionist cause by…

A

writing books that exposed brutality of institutional slavery

52
Q

The abolition of slavery was…

A

a long, drawn-out process lasting until 1960

ap world history 🌎 (17 decks)

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