chapter 28 (feeling suspiciously patriotic) Flashcards
John Locke (vocab)
English philosopher (1634-1704) who discovered the natural laws of politics
Adam Smith
Scottish philosopher (1723-1790) and founder of modern political economy, best known for ‘An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations’ published in 1776
Baron de Montesquieu (vocab)
French nobleman (1689-1755) who sought to establish a science of politics and discover principles that would foster political liberty in a prosperous and stable state
Philosophes (vocab)
Public intellectuals who addressed their works to educate the public rather than to scholars
Voltaire (my goat) (vocab)
French philosopher (1694-1778) who epitomized the spirit of the Enlightenment, championed individual freedom, and attacked any institution sponsoring intolerant or oppressive policies
Deists (vocab)
those who believe in the existence of a god but deny the supernatural teachings of Christianity or any other monotheistic religion
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (vocab)
French-Swiss thinker (1712-1778) who identified with simple working people and deeply resented the privileges enjoyed by the elites
George Washington 🦅 (vocab)
first U.S. president (1732-1799) who provided strong and imaginative military leadership for the colonial army
King Louis XVI (vocab)
Last King of France before the fall of the monarchy, reigning from 1774-1793
Napoleon Bonaparte (vocab)
A brilliant and ambitious military leader (1769-1821) born into a noble family of Corsica, who studied at French military schools and became an officer under the army of Louis XVI
François-Dominique Toussaint (vocab)
‘Son of Slaves’ who called himself Louverture (1744-1803) and was responsible for successes of the slaves against gens de couleur, white settlers, and foreign armies following the Boukman revolt
Peninsulares (vocab)
colonial officials from Spain or Portugal
Criollos (vocab)
Also known as creoles, these Iberian colonies were large, wealthy, and powerful
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla (vocab)
A Parish priest (1753-1811) who rallied indigenous peoples and mestizos against colonial rule
Simon Bolivar (vocab)
A creole elite and leader of the independence movement in Latin America (1783-1830)
Caudillos (vocab)
Local charismatic strongmen that are allied with creole elites
Young Italy (vocab)
A movement that promoted independence from Austrian and Spanish rule and the establishment of an Italian national state
Otto von Bismarck (vocab)
Prime minister of Prussia and master of Realpolitik
Waterloo (vocab)
where Napoleon was defeated in the battle of Waterloo
Enlightenment (vocab)
18th century philosophical movement that began in France; its emphasis was on the preeminence of reason rather than faith or tradition, spreading concepts from the Scientific Revolution
French Revolution (vocab)
A revolution (1789-1799) that overthrew the absolute monarchy of the Bourbons and the system of aristocratic privileges
Reign of Terror (vocab)
A period in the French Revolution (1793-1794) that took harsh measures against those suspected of being enemies of the Revolution (including nobles, priests, and hoarders)
Haitian Revolution (vocab)
A series of conflicts from 1791-1804, that was the overthrow of the French regime in Haiti and the establishment of an independent country, founded and governed by former slaves.
The Social Contract (vocab)
A book by Rousseau written in 1762, arguing that members of a society were collectively the sovereign