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ap world history 🌎 > chapter 27 T_T > Flashcards

chapter 27 T_T Flashcards

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1
Q

ghazi (vocab)

A

Muslim religious warriors

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2
Q

Janissaries (vocab)

A

Christian boys taken from families, converted to Islam, and then rigorously trained to serve the sultan

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3
Q

Mehmed the Conqueror (vocab)

A

Seventh and among the greatest sultans of the Ottoman Empire, expanded the Ottoman Empire, leading the siege of Constantinople in 1453 and extending the empire’s reach into the Balkans

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4
Q

Suleyman the Magnificent (vocab)

A

Ottoman imperialism peaked during his reign from 1520-1566, he vigorously promoted Ottoman expansion

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5
Q

Ismail (vocab)

A

Founder of the Safavid Empire ruling from 1501-1524, he made Twelver Shiism the official religion of the empire and imposed it upon his Sunni subjects

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6
Q

qizilbash (vocab)

A

term meaning “red heads”, or Turkish tribes who called with Shah Ismail in formation of the Safavid Empire

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7
Q

Shah Abbas the Great (vocab)

A

Took the throne in 1587 and helped create the Safavid culture

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8
Q

Babur (vocab)

A

founder of Mughal Dynasty in India, descended from Turkic warriors and first led the invasion of India in 1526

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9
Q

Akbar (vocab)

A

Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India ruling from 1556-1605, he expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus

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10
Q

Aurangzeb (vocab)

A

Mughal emperor in India and great-grandson of Akbar ‘the Great’, under whom the empire reached its greatest extent

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11
Q

Sufis (vocab)

A

A mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life

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12
Q

Jahangir (vocab)

A

Son of Akbar, he was the “Grasper of the World” and married the Persian princess Nur Jahan, who really controlled the state affairs because he was a weak ruler

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13
Q

dhimmi (vocab)

A

“protected people”; applied as an inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories

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14
Q

Sinan Pasha (vocab)

A

an architectural genius who was responsible for the construction of a vast religious complex called the Suleymaniye

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15
Q

Shakyah Salim Chishti (vocab)

A

a Sufi saint of the Chishti Order during the Mughal Empire in India

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16
Q

Piri Reis (vocab)

A

the Ottoman admiral and cartographer, who produced several large-scale maps and a major navigational text named the Book of Seafaring

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17
Q

Topkapi Palace (vocab)

A

sat in the center of Istanbul (not Constantinople :v) and housed government offices and meeting places for the imperial council

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18
Q

Isfahan (vocab)

A

where Shah Abbas made the capital, considered the queen of Persian cities and is one of the most precious jewels of urban architectural development

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19
Q

Fatehpur Sikri (vocab)

A

a city planned and constructed by Akbar that served as his capital from 1569 to 1585

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20
Q

Taj Mahal (vocab)

A

beautiful mausoleum at Agra built by the Mogul emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his favorite wife (…), completed in 1649

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21
Q

Wahhabi Movement (vocab)

A

A revolt which denounced the Ottomans as dangerous religious innovators who were unfit to rule

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22
Q

Ottoman Empire (vocab)

A

Islamic state, based in Istanbul, founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia after the fall of the Byzantine Empire

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23
Q

Safavid Empire (vocab)

A

Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi’ite state

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24
Q

Mughal Empire (vocab)

A

A Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India

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25
Q

devshirme (vocab)

A

began in the late 14th century, the practicd where Christian boys were recruited by force to serve the Ottoman government

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26
Q

Twelver Shiism (vocab)

A

a belief that there were 12 infallible imam (religious leaders) after Muhammad and the 12th went into hiding and would return to take power and spread the true religion

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27
Q

Sunni (vocab)

A

A branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad

28
Q

kanun (vocab)

A

laws issued by the Ottoman Suleyman the Magnificent, also known as Suleyman Kanuni, “The Lawgiver”

29
Q

Jizya (vocab)

A

a special tax paid by the people who practiced their own religion, paid by dhimmis

30
Q

millet (vocab)

A

autonomous religious communities

31
Q

Suleymaniye (vocab)

A

Great mosque, built in Constantinople during the 16th-century reign of the Ottoman ruler Suleyman the Magnificent

32
Q

The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires all originated from…

A

nomadic, Turkish speaking tribes

33
Q

Osman Bey led bands of semi-nomadic Turks to become…

A

ghazi

34
Q

In the Balkans, Osman forced Christian families to…

A

surrender young boys to military service

35
Q

Osman first captured Anatolia through the use of…

A

light cavalry and volunteer infantry

36
Q

In 1453, Mehmed II captured Constantinople and renamed it…

A

Istanbul

37
Q

In the 16th century, Egypt and Syria were captured by…

A

Selim the Grim

38
Q

Mehmed II presented himself as the ruler of which two lands, and which two seas?

A

Europe and Asia, The Black Sea and the Mediterranean

39
Q

In 1534, Suleyman the Magnificent conquered the city of…

A

Baghdad

40
Q

Suleyman the Magnificent transformed the Ottoman Empire into…

A

a major naval power in Mediterranean, Red Sea, and Indian Ocean

41
Q

The central idea of the Twelver Shiism religion was…

A

the twelfth infallible imam was still alive and would return to spread Muhammad’s faith

42
Q

The Safavid Empire was named after…

A

Safi-al-Din, who practiced Sufism

43
Q

In 1514, gunpowder technology allowed…

A

the Ottomans to defeat the Safavids

44
Q

In the aftermath of the Battle of Chaldiran, Ismail…

A

managed to escape

45
Q

Zahir al-Din invaded northern India in 1523 because of…

A

a desire to plunder for wealth

46
Q

The term ‘Mughal’ means…

A

Mongol in the Persian language

47
Q

Akbar’s answer to the religious diversity and tension of India was…

A

to encourage a syncretic religion that all could embrace, ‘the divine faith’.

48
Q

Who reversed the religious toleration of Akbar and began to tax the Hindus?

A

Aurangzeb

49
Q

Adham Khan was…

A

thrown out of a window twice by Akbar

50
Q

The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires were all based on…

A

military conquest

51
Q

Women in Islamic Empires were…

A

banned from politics, but became influential because Genghis Khan revered mothers

52
Q

The introduction of American crops from the Columbian Exchange had…

A

very little impact on the population

53
Q

The joint-stock companies of Eurasia primarily traded with which Empire?

A

Safavid

54
Q

The Ottoman Empire mainly traded…

A

silks and spices with the English Levant Company

55
Q

The Mughal Empire handled most trade relations with…

A

the merchant colonies of Portugal, France, England, and the Netherlands

56
Q

While all were extremely religiously diverse, the most diversity could be found in…

A

the Mughal empire

57
Q

Sikhism was…

A

a syncretic combination of Hinduism and Islam

58
Q

The jizya was abolished by ______, but reinstated by ______.

A

Akbar, Aurangzeb

59
Q

The communities of the Ottoman empire functioned under the…

A

millet system, where each religious community governed themselves

60
Q

Shah Abbas made the Safavid Capital at…

A

Isfahan

61
Q

The Taj Mahal, built by Shah Jahan, is an example of…

A

Mughal architecture

62
Q

Islamic rulers sought to enhance prestige through…

A

capital cities and royal palaces

63
Q

The later rulers of the Ottoman Empire were…

A

weak and ineffective

64
Q

The Shiite leaders persecuted…

A

Sunnis, non-Muslims, and Sufis who established the Safavid empire

65
Q

Which factor lead to the decline of Islamic Empires?
1) A series of weak and incompetent rulers
2) Rising tensions between different religious groups
3) Changing trade routes that bypassed the empires and hurt them financially
4) Increasing religious conservatism and intolerance among leaders

A

All of the above.

66
Q

Europeans visiting Islamic empires to study the customs, but many Muslims…

A

ignored their cultural and technological developments

67
Q

The resistance of western European influences in the Islamic Empires derived from the fear that…

A

they would upset social stability

ap world history 🌎 (17 decks)

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