Chapter 24 Flashcards
Type of symbiosis where both species benefit
mutualism
Type of symbiosis where one species benefits and the other is unaffected
commensalism
Type of symbiosis where one species benefits and the other is harmed
parasitism
Type of species interaction for a limiting resource, causing a reduction in survival and reproduction for (usually) both species
competition
Type of species interaction where one individual eats another
predation
These eat dead organic matter
detritivores
These break down dead organic matter and convert nutrients back into forms usable for plants
decomposers
An organism’s functional role in the community
niche
An organism’s physical location in which it lives
habitat
Competition between 2 species for resources
interspecific competition
No two species can share the same niche indefinitely
competitive exclusion principle
These models show interspecific competition
Lotka-Volterra
All interacting species in a defined area
community
This structure defines how and what organisms eat
trophic
Linear chains depicting who eats whom
food chains
These individuals eat both plants and animals
omnivores
Trophic level that includes autotrophs
primary producers
Trophic level that includes heterotrophs
consumers
Trophic level that eats primary producers
primary consumers
Trophic level that eats primary consumers and includes carnivores
secondary consumers
Trophic level that eats secondary consumers
tertiary consumers
Series of interconnected food chains that define all known trophic interactions in a community
food web
How much of available energy is passed from one trophic level to the next
10%
Build-up of a toxin in an individual over time due to inability to get rid of toxins
bioaccumulation
Build-up of toxins in tissues of higher trophic levels due to eating organisms in lower trophic levels
biomagnification
Sum of all interactions between the living community and the non-living physical environment
ecosystem
When nutrient inputs are equal to outputs within an ecosystem
steady state
Single component of an ecosystem, like atmosphere, soil, water, etc.
compartment or reservoir
Movement of nutrients between compartments of an ecosystem
flux
Amount of time a given particle spends in a compartment of an ecosystem
residence time
What must you multiply to get reservoir size?
residence time x flux rate
