Chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

The large molecule containing all the hereditary information of a cell

A

DNA

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2
Q

Repeating units that make up DNA

A

nucleotides

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3
Q

The 3 components of each nucleotide

A

phosphate group, five-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base

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4
Q

Larger double-ringed nitrogenous bases adenine and guanine

A

purines

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5
Q

Smaller single-ringed nitrogenous bases cytosine and thymine

A

pyrimidines

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6
Q

DNA strands are ____, they run in opposite directions

A

antiparallel

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7
Q

Large key enzyme for DNA replication

A

DNA polymerase

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8
Q

Each new replicated DNA molecule is _____, it contains one of the original strands and a newly synthesized complementary strand

A

semiconservative

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9
Q

The sugar component of DNA

A

deoxyribose

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10
Q

The sugar component of RNA

A

ribose

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11
Q

While DNA’s one important function is heredity, this single-stranded nucleic acid molecule has several important functions and forms

A

RNA

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12
Q

The process of making an mRNA copy of DNA in the nucleus

A

transcription

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13
Q

The large enzyme involved in transcribing DNA into RNA

A

RNA polymerase

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14
Q

A triplet of mRNA nucleotides

A

codon

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15
Q

This organelle reads an mRNA message and converts it to proteins

A

ribosome

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16
Q

The process of combining a specific number of amino acids together in a specific sequence outside of the nucleus

A

translation

17
Q

These on the tRNA are paired up with each successive codon along the length of a mRNA molecule that is threaded through the ribosome

18
Q

This RNA molecule temporarily binds to the mRNA to deliver anticodons

19
Q

The three components of the Central Dogma Theory

A

DNA –> RNA –> Polypeptides

20
Q

The start codon

A

AUG (methionine)

21
Q

Any change in the DNA

22
Q

This type of mutation is a base substitution that does not cause a change in the final amino acid sequence of a protein

A

silent mutation

23
Q

This type of mutation is a base substitution that codes for a different amino acid

A

missense mutation

24
Q

This type of mutation occurs when the altered codon is a stop codon

A

nonsense mutation

25
This type of mutation is when one or more nucleotides are added or removed from the DNA
base insertion/deletion
26
When an electric field is applied to the gel in electrophoresis, what size proteins will move more rapidly and farther in the gel?
smaller
27
In terms of charges, proteins run from what charge to what charge in electrophoresis?
negative to positive
28
These proteins are widely used in molecular genetics for analyzing DNA and creating recombinant DNA molecules
restriction enzymes
29
Restriction enzymes target these specific DNA pallindromic sequences to cut in such a way to create "sticky" blunt ends
recognition sites
30
This nitrogenous base replaces thymine in RNA
uracil
31
Where does translation take place?
cytoplasm