Chapter 17

Question 1

The large molecule containing all the hereditary information of a cell

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

Repeating units that make up DNA

Answer 2

nucleotides

Question 3

The 3 components of each nucleotide

Answer 3

phosphate group, five-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base

Question 4

Larger double-ringed nitrogenous bases adenine and guanine

Answer 4

purines

Question 5

Smaller single-ringed nitrogenous bases cytosine and thymine

Answer 5

pyrimidines

Question 6

DNA strands are ____, they run in opposite directions

Answer 6

antiparallel

Question 7

Large key enzyme for DNA replication

Answer 7

DNA polymerase

Question 8

Each new replicated DNA molecule is _____, it contains one of the original strands and a newly synthesized complementary strand

Answer 8

semiconservative

Question 9

The sugar component of DNA

Answer 9

deoxyribose

Question 10

The sugar component of RNA

Answer 10

ribose

Question 11

While DNA’s one important function is heredity, this single-stranded nucleic acid molecule has several important functions and forms

Answer 11

RNA

Question 12

The process of making an mRNA copy of DNA in the nucleus

Answer 12

transcription

Question 13

The large enzyme involved in transcribing DNA into RNA

Answer 13

RNA polymerase

Question 14

A triplet of mRNA nucleotides

Answer 14

codon

Question 15

This organelle reads an mRNA message and converts it to proteins

Answer 15

ribosome

Question 16

The process of combining a specific number of amino acids together in a specific sequence outside of the nucleus

Answer 16

translation

Question 17

These on the tRNA are paired up with each successive codon along the length of a mRNA molecule that is threaded through the ribosome

Answer 17

anticodon

Question 18

This RNA molecule temporarily binds to the mRNA to deliver anticodons

Answer 18

tRNA

Question 19

The three components of the Central Dogma Theory

Answer 19

DNA –> RNA –> Polypeptides

Question 20

The start codon

Answer 20

AUG (methionine)

Question 21

Any change in the DNA

Answer 21

mutation

Question 22

This type of mutation is a base substitution that does not cause a change in the final amino acid sequence of a protein

Answer 22

silent mutation

Question 23

This type of mutation is a base substitution that codes for a different amino acid

Answer 23

missense mutation

Question 24

This type of mutation occurs when the altered codon is a stop codon

Answer 24

nonsense mutation

Question 25

This type of mutation is when one or more nucleotides are added or removed from the DNA

Answer 25

base insertion/deletion

Question 26

When an electric field is applied to the gel in electrophoresis, what size proteins will move more rapidly and farther in the gel?

Answer 26

smaller

Question 27

In terms of charges, proteins run from what charge to what charge in electrophoresis?

Answer 27

negative to positive

Question 28

These proteins are widely used in molecular genetics for analyzing DNA and creating recombinant DNA molecules

Answer 28

restriction enzymes

Question 29

Restriction enzymes target these specific DNA pallindromic sequences to cut in such a way to create “sticky” blunt ends

Answer 29

recognition sites

Question 30

This nitrogenous base replaces thymine in RNA

Answer 30

uracil

Question 31

Where does translation take place?

Answer 31

cytoplasm