BIO 242 Chapter 27 Flashcards
These two domains share: no peptidoglycan walls, introns, RNA polymerases, growth is not inhibited by certain antibiotics, and histones.
Archaea and Eukarya
These two domains share the following characteristics: operons, circular DNA, plasmids, no nuclear envelope, no membrane-bound organelles, and 70S ribosome size.
Bacteria and Archaea
These two domains share the following: unbranched hydrocarbons, no growth over 100 degrees C.
Bacteria and Eukarya
Spherical shape of prokaryotes
Cocci
Rod shape of prokaryotes
Bacilli
Spiral or helical shape of prokaryotes
Spirilla
Clusters of cocci prokaryotes
Staphylo-
Chains of spirilla prokaryotes
Strepto-
Simpler cell walls with large amounts of peptidoglycan (purple stain)
Gram-positive
More complex cell walls with less peptidoglycan, and with an additional outer cell membrane with lipopolysaccharides (pink stain)
Gram-negative
Why is gram-negative generally more dangerous than gram-positive?
Gram-negative has the additional outer membrane that makes it more resistant to antibiotics, and the lipopolysaccharides are often toxic.
This outer sticky protective layer help cells adhere to their substratum, increase resistance, and glue together bacteria that live as colonies.
Capsules
Surface appendages that help prokaryotes to adhere to each other or to the substratum.
Pili
Common method of locomotion that is scattered over the entire surface or concentrated at one or both ends.
Flagella
The protein with “9 pairs + 2” arrangement found in flagella
Flagellin