Chapter 18

Question 1

Phylum of sponges?

Answer 1

Phylum Porifera

Question 2

Phylum of cnidarians?

Answer 2

Phylum Cnidaria

Question 3

Phylum of flatworms?

Answer 3

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Question 4

Phylum of roundworms?

Answer 4

Phylum Nematoda

Question 5

Another word for layers of differentiated cells

Answer 5

tissues

Question 6

What type of tissues to the simplest animals possess?

Answer 6

None

Question 7

What group are the simplest animals in?

Answer 7

Parazoa (unofficial)

Question 8

Characteristics of Eumetazoa

Answer 8

Differentiated cells

True tissues derived from germ layers

Question 9

Body type with two germ layers:

endoderm

ectoderm

Answer 9

Diploblastic

Question 10

After fertilization, the zygote undergoes mitotic cell division to form _____

Answer 10

an embryo.

Question 11

Ectoderm is precursor of

Answer 11

Outer covering of animal (i.e. skin) Accessory organs Cells in nervous system (more complex animals)

Question 12

Outermost primary germ layer of an animal embryo

Answer 12

Ectoderm

Question 13

The innermost primary germ layer

Answer 13

Endoderm

Question 14

Endoderm is the precursor of

Answer 14

Cells that line digestive tract

Question 15

Animals are generally referred to as _____.

Answer 15

Metazoans

Question 16

Internal body cavity

Answer 16

Coelom

Question 17

Benefits of a Coelom

Answer 17

• Room for organs to grow
• Increases surface area for gas exchange & nutrient transport
• Hydrostatic skeleton for support & movement
• Storage of materials
• Route to pass waste products & gametes

Question 18

Forming a head region

Answer 18

Cephalization

Question 19

Characteristics of Phylum Porifera

Answer 19

Sponges

• Very primitive (lack tissues, organs, germ layers, coelom
• Asymmetrical
• Cellular level of organization
• Totipotent (give rise to any other cell type)
• Choanocytes: flagellated cells involved in many activities
• Can blend up and will return to functioning organism

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

3 Layers of Triploblastic

Answer 21

Ectoderm

Endoderm

Mesoderm

Question 22

Gives rise to cells between integument and digestive tract, including the lining of the internal body cavity, muscle cells, various parts of circulatory system, the endoskeleton, excretory organs, and various glands, and reproductive organs.

Answer 22

Mesoderm

Question 23

Internal body cavity - a defined space or cavity between digestive tract and outer body.

Answer 23

Coelum

Question 24

4 types of internal body cavities of eumetazoans

Answer 24

Diploblastic Acoelomates

Triploblastic Acoelomates

Pseudocoelomate

Coelomates (aka eucoelomates)

Question 25

Internal Body Type: do not possess coelom, but do possess mesoderm

Answer 25

Triploblastic acoelomate

Question 26

Internal Body Type: possess internal fluid-filled body cavity, but the cavity is not completely lined with mesoderm-derived tissue

Answer 26

Pseudocoelomate

Question 27

Internal Body Type: fluid-filled cavity completely lined with mesodermally-derived cells.

Answer 27

Coelomates (aka eucoelomates)

Question 28

Double layers of mesodermally-derived tissues that often suspend several organ systems within the coelom

Answer 28

Mesenteries

Question 29

2 types of symmetry

Answer 29

Radial bi-lateral

Question 30

Upper surface of animal

Answer 30

Dorsal

Question 31

Lower surface of animal

Answer 31

Ventral

Question 32

"Front"/head region of animal

Answer 32

Anterior

Question 33

"Rear" end of animal

Answer 33

Posterior

Question 34

Meaning of "coel"

Answer 34

cavity

Question 35

Characteristics of Phylum Porifera (sponges)

Answer 35

Very Primitive (no organs, tissues, germ layers, coelom) Asymmetrical Cellular level of organization Most cells totipotent Choanocytes: flagellated cells involved in many activities

Question 36

**Give an example of** Bilateral symmetry Radial symmetry No symmetry

Answer 36

Question 37

The Phylum of "sponges"

Answer 37

Phylum Porifera

Question 38

3 Classes of Phylum Porifera

Answer 38

Class Calcarea Class Hexactinellida Class Demospongiae

Question 39

The Phylum of "Jellyfish"

Answer 39

Phylum Cnidaria

Question 40

3 Classes of Cnidaria

Answer 40

Class Hydrozoa Class Scyphozoa Class Anthozoa

Question 41

The Phylum of "Flatworms"

Answer 41

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Question 42

3 Classes of Phylum Platyhelminthes

Answer 42

Class Turbellaria Class Trematoda Class Cestoda

Question 43

The Phylum of "Roundworms"

Answer 43

Phylum Nematoda

Question 44

Label the parts of a basic sponge and explain what each does

Answer 44

* Water enters via **ostia** (incurrent pores) to incurrent canals * Water moves into **spongocoel** (central cavity) * Water exits via **osculum** (out current pore)

Question 45

What is the primary way of distinguishing between classes of Phylum Porifera?

Answer 45

Their spicules

Question 46

**Describe the spicules of** Class Calcarea: Class Hexactinellida: Class Demospongiae:

Answer 46

Class Calcarea: calcium carbonate spicules Class Hexactinellida: Glass spicules Class Demospongiae: Spicules & spongin fibers

Question 47

**Which Phylum includes these characteristics:** diploblastic acoelomates radial symmetry Polyp & medusa body forms Extracellular digestion Nerve net No respiratory, circulatory, or excretory systems

Answer 47

Phylum Cnidaria

Question 48

Phylum Cnidaria have specialized stinging cells called \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 48

Cnidocytes

Question 49

Class Hydrozoa in Phylum Cnidaria typically only has what form?

Answer 49

Polyp

Question 50

Class Scyphozoa in Phylum Cnidaria typically has what form?

Answer 50

Polyp & Medusa

Question 51

Class Anthozoa in Phylum Cnidaria typically only has what form?

Answer 51

Polyp

Question 52

**Which phylum includes:** Triploblastic acoelomates Dorsoventrally flattened True tissues & organs Waste excrete through protonephridia No respiratory or circulatory system Incomplete digestive system Bilateral symmetry & cephalization

Answer 52

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Question 53

Which class of Phylum Platyhelminthes includes planarians?

Answer 53

Class Turbellaria

Question 54

Which class of Phylum Platyhelminthes includes flukes?

Answer 54

Class Trematoda

Question 55

Which class of Phylum Platyhelminthes includes tapeworms?

Answer 55

Class Cestoda

Question 56

Which class of Phylum Platyhelminthes attaches to a host with suckers or hooks?

Answer 56

Class Cestoda

Question 57

**Which Phylum includes:** Triploblastic pseudocoelomates Bilateral symmetry & cephalization Longitudinal muscles, no circular muscles Complete digestive system No respiratory or circulatory systems Exhibit eutely

Answer 57

Phylum Nematoda

Question 58

What protects Phylum Nematoda against desiccation and provides a protective barrier to the environment?

Answer 58

Cuticle

Question 59

What provides structure and support for Phylum Nematoda?

Answer 59

Hydrostatic skeleton

Question 60

What type of cells in Phylum Nematoda absorb nitrogenous waste and pass it through a pore?

Answer 60

Renette cells

Question 61

Phylum Nematoda feeding strategies

Answer 61

Plant-parasite Bacteria-feeder Fungal-feeder Predator

Question 62

This Phylum poses a severe risk to humans in underdeveloped countries.

Answer 62

Phylum Nematoda

Question 63

Animal "complexity" is drive by \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 63

Evolution of germ layers and body cavities

Question 64

This divides the body into "left and right" lateral sections.

Answer 64

Sagittal Plate

Question 65

Label the parts of this Phylum Porifera (sponge):

Answer 65

Question 66

Give the Phylum & Class of the picture.

Answer 66

Phylum Porifera Class Demospongiae

Question 67

What Phylum does this picture belong to? Label the parts:

Answer 67

Phylum Cnidaria

Question 68

Identify this feature

Answer 68

Spicule

Question 69

Name the Phylum & Class

Answer 69

Phylum Porifera Class Calcarea

Question 70

Name the Phylum & Class

Answer 70

Phylum Porifera Class Hexactinellida (glass sponges)

Question 71

Name the Phylum & Class

Answer 71

Phylum Cnidaria Class Hydrozoa

Question 72

Name the Phylum & Class

Answer 72

Phylum Cnidaria Class Scyphozoa

Question 73

Name the Phylum & Class

Answer 73

Phylum Cnidaria Class Anthozoa

Question 74

Name the Phylum & Class

Answer 74

Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Turbellaria

Question 75

Name the Phylum & Class

Answer 75

Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Trematoda

Question 76

Name the Phylum & Class

Answer 76

Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Cestoda

Question 77

Name the Phylum

Answer 77

Phylum Nematoda