Chapter 18 Flashcards
Phylum of sponges?
Phylum Porifera
Phylum of cnidarians?
Phylum Cnidaria
Phylum of flatworms?
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Phylum of roundworms?
Phylum Nematoda
Another word for layers of differentiated cells
tissues
What type of tissues to the simplest animals possess?
None
What group are the simplest animals in?
Parazoa (unofficial)
Characteristics of Eumetazoa
Differentiated cells
True tissues derived from germ layers
Body type with two germ layers:
endoderm
ectoderm
Diploblastic
After fertilization, the zygote undergoes mitotic cell division to form _____
an embryo.
Ectoderm is precursor of
Outer covering of animal (i.e. skin) Accessory organs Cells in nervous system (more complex animals)
Outermost primary germ layer of an animal embryo
Ectoderm
The innermost primary germ layer
Endoderm
Endoderm is the precursor of
Cells that line digestive tract
Animals are generally referred to as _____.
Metazoans
Internal body cavity
Coelom
Benefits of a Coelom
- Room for organs to grow
- Increases surface area for gas exchange & nutrient transport
- Hydrostatic skeleton for support & movement
- Storage of materials
- Route to pass waste products & gametes
Forming a head region
Cephalization
Characteristics of Phylum Porifera
Sponges
- Very primitive (lack tissues, organs, germ layers, coelom
- Asymmetrical
- Cellular level of organization
- Totipotent (give rise to any other cell type)
- Choanocytes: flagellated cells involved in many activities
- Can blend up and will return to functioning organism
3 Layers of Triploblastic
Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Gives rise to cells between integument and digestive tract, including the lining of the internal body cavity, muscle cells, various parts of circulatory system, the endoskeleton, excretory organs, and various glands, and reproductive organs.
Mesoderm
Internal body cavity - a defined space or cavity between digestive tract and outer body.
Coelum
4 types of internal body cavities of eumetazoans
Diploblastic Acoelomates
Triploblastic Acoelomates
Pseudocoelomate
Coelomates (aka eucoelomates)
Internal Body Type: do not possess coelom, but do possess mesoderm
Triploblastic acoelomate
Internal Body Type: possess internal fluid-filled body cavity, but the cavity is not completely lined with mesoderm-derived tissue
Pseudocoelomate
Internal Body Type: fluid-filled cavity completely lined with mesodermally-derived cells.
Coelomates (aka eucoelomates)
Double layers of mesodermally-derived tissues that often suspend several organ systems within the coelom
Mesenteries
2 types of symmetry
Radial
bi-lateral
Upper surface of animal
Dorsal