Chapter 23 Flashcards

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1
Q

Population

A

group of individuals of a single species living in a defined area at a single time.

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2
Q

Define each of the following terms:

p2

q2

2pq

p

q

A

p2 = frequency of homozygous dominant genotype

q2 = frequency of homozygous recessive genotype

2pq = frequency of heterozygous genotype

p = frequency of dominant allele

q = frequency of recessive allele

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3
Q

Formula for Allele Frequency

A

p + q = 1

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4
Q

Formula for Genotype Frequency

A

p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

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5
Q

Hardy-Weinberg Problem

A

Steps

  1. Divide number with recessive phenotype by the total population to get q2.
  2. Take square root of q2 to get q.
  3. Plug value into p + q = 1 to get value of p.
  4. 2pq to get number of heterozygous
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6
Q

5 Assumptions for HW

A
  1. Infinite population size
  2. Random mating
  3. No net mutation
  4. No net migration
  5. No natural selection
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7
Q

Violations of HW

A
  1. Small populations
  2. Mate selection
  3. Mutation
  4. Migration
  5. Natural selection
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8
Q

2 ways to determine population density

A

Census

Sampling

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9
Q

2 types of sampling

A

Mark-recapture

Quadrat sampling

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10
Q

A direct count of all individuals in an area

A

Census

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11
Q

An indirect estimate that measures a representative subset of the population.

A

Sampling

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12
Q

Define the terms of the Capture-Mark-Recapture technique.

A
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13
Q

Explain Capture-Mark-Recapture

A
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14
Q

This is an example of _____?

A

Quadrat Sampling

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15
Q

Steps of quadrat sampling.

A
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16
Q

Which graph represents

Exponential Growth

Logistic Growth

A
17
Q

What goes on the x and y axis of a population growth curve?

A

X: Time

Y: population Size

18
Q

Define the terms

A

d = delta (change)

N = population size

t = time

r = growth rate

19
Q

What contributes to the “leveling off” of logistic growth (sigmoidal curve)?

A

The environment runs out of resources

20
Q

What is the “leveling off” called in a logistic growth chart?

A

Carrying Capacity (K)