Chapter 23 Flashcards
Population
group of individuals of a single species living in a defined area at a single time.
Define each of the following terms:
p2
q2
2pq
p
q
p2 = frequency of homozygous dominant genotype
q2 = frequency of homozygous recessive genotype
2pq = frequency of heterozygous genotype
p = frequency of dominant allele
q = frequency of recessive allele
Formula for Allele Frequency
p + q = 1
Formula for Genotype Frequency
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
Hardy-Weinberg Problem
Steps
- Divide number with recessive phenotype by the total population to get q2.
- Take square root of q2 to get q.
- Plug value into p + q = 1 to get value of p.
- 2pq to get number of heterozygous
5 Assumptions for HW
- Infinite population size
- Random mating
- No net mutation
- No net migration
- No natural selection
Violations of HW
- Small populations
- Mate selection
- Mutation
- Migration
- Natural selection
2 ways to determine population density
Census
Sampling
2 types of sampling
Mark-recapture
Quadrat sampling
A direct count of all individuals in an area
Census
An indirect estimate that measures a representative subset of the population.
Sampling
Define the terms of the Capture-Mark-Recapture technique.
Explain Capture-Mark-Recapture
This is an example of _____?
Quadrat Sampling
Steps of quadrat sampling.
Which graph represents
Exponential Growth
Logistic Growth
What goes on the x and y axis of a population growth curve?
X: Time
Y: population Size
Define the terms
d = delta (change)
N = population size
t = time
r = growth rate
What contributes to the “leveling off” of logistic growth (sigmoidal curve)?
The environment runs out of resources
What is the “leveling off” called in a logistic growth chart?
Carrying Capacity (K)
