Chapter 20

Question 1

What are the 4 functional homologies of all chordates?

Answer 1

1. Notochord
2. Pharyngeal gill slits
3. Dorsal nerve cord
4. Post-anal tail

Question 2

Type of body cavity of Phylum Chordata

Answer 2

Triploblastic eucoelomates

Question 3

Meaning of deuterostome?

Answer 3

A major division of the animal kingdom that includes bilateral symmetry with indeterminate cleavage and a mouth that doesn’t arise from blastopore.

Question 4

A slender, solid rod of connective tissue

A primitive beginning to the backbone.

Answer 4

Notochord

Question 5

A passageway for water to gills

Answer 5

Pharyngeal slits

Question 6

Opposite of ventral nerve cord

A hollow tube that develops into the CNS

Answer 6

Dorsal Nerve Cord

Question 7

An extension of the body that runs past the anal opening. In some species, like humans, this feature is only present during the embryonic stage.

Answer 7

Post-anal tail

Question 8

3 Subphylums of Chordata

Answer 8

Subphylum Cephalochordata

Subphylum Urochordata

Subphylum Vertebrata

Question 9

Two classes of ‘jawless vertebrates’ in Subphylum Vertebrata

Answer 9

Class Myxini

Class Cephalaspidomorphi

Question 10

6 Classes of the ‘Gnathostomata’ (jawed vertebrates) in Subphylum Vertebrata

Answer 10

Class Chondrichthyes

Class Osteichthyes

Class Amphibia

Class Reptilia

Class Aves

Class Mammalia

Question 11

Which subphylum includes:

Lancelets/amphioxus

Excretion via protonephridia

Myomeres

Little cephalization

Is a sister group to all other chordates

Answer 11

Subphylum Cephalochordata

Question 12

Identify the Phylum and Subphylum of the image

Answer 12

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Cephalochordata

Question 13

Which subphylum includes:

Tunicates/sea squirts

Sessile, filter-feeders as adults

Reduced nervous system (series of ganglia)

Complete digestive system

Open circulatory system

Excretion via diffusion across body wall

Answer 13

Subphylum Urochordata

Question 14

Identify the Phylum, Subphylum, and Common Name

Answer 14

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Urochordata

Common: Tunicate / sea squirt

Question 15

This is the internal structure of what?

Answer 15

Tunicate

Question 16

Which subphylum includes:

Vertebrae made of bone or cartilage

Living endoskeleton

Inner dermis & outer epidermis

Kidneys with nephrons for excreting waste

Closed circulatory system

Answer 16

Subphylum Vertebrata

Question 17

Which group refers to “jawless vertebrates?”

Answer 17

Agnatha

Question 18

Which group refers to “jawed vertebrates?”

Answer 18

Gnathostomata

Question 19

Which group and class of Subphylum Vertebrata has:

Cartilaginous skeleton

Retains notochord as adult

No paired appendages

Slime glands

Rasping tongue with keratin teeth

Ex. Hagfish

Answer 19

Subphylum Vertebrata

Agnatha

Class Myxini

Question 20

Which group and class of Subphylum Vertebrata has:

Ammocoete larvae (sand-dwelling)

Cartilaginous skeleton (notochord present)

No paired appendages

Circular mouth with keratin teeth

Ex. Lamprey

Answer 20

Subphylum Vertebrata

Agnatha

Class Cephalasphidopmorphi

Question 21

What group in Subphylum Vertebrata includes:

Jawed vertebrates

Paired appendages

Advanced sensory organs

Answer 21

Gnathostomata

Question 22

Which class of Gnathostomata includes:

Cartilaginous fishes

Placoid (tooth-like) scales

No swim bladder, instead have oily liver

Tail provides propulsion

Fins stabilize movement

Answer 22

Class Chondrichthyes

Question 23

Which class of Gnathostomata includes:

Bony fishes

Swim bladder

Fins aid in movement

Operculum covering gills

Answer 23

Class Osteichthyes

Question 24

What 4 classes of Gnathostomata are considered Tetrapoda?

Answer 24

Class Amphibia

Class Reptilia

Class Aves

Class Mammalia

Question 25

Four-limbed animals that evolved from lobe-finned fishes.

Answer 25

Tetrapods

Question 26

**What class of Tetrapoda includes:** Frogs, toads, salamanders, caecilians Eggs laid in water (larvae live in water) Adults are generally terrestrial Cutaneous respiration

Answer 26

Class Amphibia

Question 27

Which class of Tetrapoda undergoes metamorphosis?

Answer 27

Class Amphibia

Question 28

**What classes of Tetrapoda includes:** Amniotic egg Chorion Allantois Yolk sac & Albumin Amnion

Answer 28

Classes Reptilia, Aves & Mammalia | (collectively known as Amniotes)

Question 29

What contains extraembryonic membranes?

Answer 29

Amniotic egg

Question 30

What contributes to gas exchange and reduced water loss? In mammals, it helps produce the placenta.

Answer 30

Chorion

Question 31

What facilitates waste storage and gas exchange?

Answer 31

Allantois

Question 32

What do the yolk sac and albumin provide?

Answer 32

Nutrients

Question 33

What cushions the embryo and prevents dehydration?

Answer 33

Amnion

Question 34

Label the parts of the egg:

Answer 34

Question 35

**What class of Tetrapoda includes:** Snakes, lizards, turtles, crocodilians, tuataras Leathery or calcareous egg shell Scales made of keratin Mostly ectotherms Many have salt glands (excrete excess salt)

Answer 35

Class Reptilia

Question 36

**What class of Tetrapoda includes:** Birds with feathers (modified scales) Beak without teeth Strong, light, hollow bones Endothermic

Answer 36

Class Aves

Question 37

**What class of Tetrapoda includes:** Skin with hair (modified scales) Mammary glands: produce milk Heterodont dentition Endothermic

Answer 37

Class Mammalia

Question 38

The 6 parts of human gross anatomy

Answer 38

Respiratory system Circulatory system Nervous system Endocrine system Reproductive system Digestive system

Question 39

Label the parts of the digestive system:

Answer 39

Question 40

Label the parts of the nervous system:

Answer 40

Question 41

Label the parts of the respiratory system:

Answer 41

Question 42

Label the parts of the endocrine system

Answer 42

Question 43

Label the parts of the circulatory system:

Answer 43