Chapter 20 Flashcards
What are the 4 functional homologies of all chordates?
- Notochord
- Pharyngeal gill slits
- Dorsal nerve cord
- Post-anal tail
Type of body cavity of Phylum Chordata
Triploblastic eucoelomates
Meaning of deuterostome?
A major division of the animal kingdom that includes bilateral symmetry with indeterminate cleavage and a mouth that doesn’t arise from blastopore.
A slender, solid rod of connective tissue
A primitive beginning to the backbone.
Notochord
A passageway for water to gills
Pharyngeal slits
Opposite of ventral nerve cord
A hollow tube that develops into the CNS
Dorsal Nerve Cord
An extension of the body that runs past the anal opening. In some species, like humans, this feature is only present during the embryonic stage.
Post-anal tail
3 Subphylums of Chordata
Subphylum Cephalochordata
Subphylum Urochordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Two classes of ‘jawless vertebrates’ in Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Myxini
Class Cephalaspidomorphi
6 Classes of the ‘Gnathostomata’ (jawed vertebrates) in Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Chondrichthyes
Class Osteichthyes
Class Amphibia
Class Reptilia
Class Aves
Class Mammalia
Which subphylum includes:
Lancelets/amphioxus
Excretion via protonephridia
Myomeres
Little cephalization
Is a sister group to all other chordates
Subphylum Cephalochordata
Identify the Phylum and Subphylum of the image
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Cephalochordata
Which subphylum includes:
Tunicates/sea squirts
Sessile, filter-feeders as adults
Reduced nervous system (series of ganglia)
Complete digestive system
Open circulatory system
Excretion via diffusion across body wall
Subphylum Urochordata
Identify the Phylum, Subphylum, and Common Name
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Urochordata
Common: Tunicate / sea squirt
This is the internal structure of what?
Tunicate
Which subphylum includes:
Vertebrae made of bone or cartilage
Living endoskeleton
Inner dermis & outer epidermis
Kidneys with nephrons for excreting waste
Closed circulatory system
Subphylum Vertebrata
Which group refers to “jawless vertebrates?”
Agnatha
Which group refers to “jawed vertebrates?”
Gnathostomata
Which group and class of Subphylum Vertebrata has:
Cartilaginous skeleton
Retains notochord as adult
No paired appendages
Slime glands
Rasping tongue with keratin teeth
Ex. Hagfish
Subphylum Vertebrata
Agnatha
Class Myxini
Which group and class of Subphylum Vertebrata has:
Ammocoete larvae (sand-dwelling)
Cartilaginous skeleton (notochord present)
No paired appendages
Circular mouth with keratin teeth
Ex. Lamprey
Subphylum Vertebrata
Agnatha
Class Cephalasphidopmorphi
What group in Subphylum Vertebrata includes:
Jawed vertebrates
Paired appendages
Advanced sensory organs
Gnathostomata
Which class of Gnathostomata includes:
Cartilaginous fishes
Placoid (tooth-like) scales
No swim bladder, instead have oily liver
Tail provides propulsion
Fins stabilize movement
Class Chondrichthyes
Which class of Gnathostomata includes:
Bony fishes
Swim bladder
Fins aid in movement
Operculum covering gills
Class Osteichthyes
What 4 classes of Gnathostomata are considered Tetrapoda?
Class Amphibia
Class Reptilia
Class Aves
Class Mammalia
Four-limbed animals that evolved from lobe-finned fishes.
Tetrapods
What class of Tetrapoda includes:
Frogs, toads, salamanders, caecilians
Eggs laid in water (larvae live in water)
Adults are generally terrestrial
Cutaneous respiration
Class Amphibia
Which class of Tetrapoda undergoes metamorphosis?
Class Amphibia
What classes of Tetrapoda includes:
Amniotic egg
Chorion
Allantois
Yolk sac & Albumin
Amnion
Classes Reptilia, Aves & Mammalia
(collectively known as Amniotes)
What contains extraembryonic membranes?
Amniotic egg
What contributes to gas exchange and reduced water loss?
In mammals, it helps produce the placenta.
Chorion
What facilitates waste storage and gas exchange?
Allantois
What do the yolk sac and albumin provide?
Nutrients
What cushions the embryo and prevents dehydration?
Amnion
Label the parts of the egg:
What class of Tetrapoda includes:
Snakes, lizards, turtles, crocodilians, tuataras
Leathery or calcareous egg shell
Scales made of keratin
Mostly ectotherms
Many have salt glands (excrete excess salt)
Class Reptilia
What class of Tetrapoda includes:
Birds with feathers (modified scales)
Beak without teeth
Strong, light, hollow bones
Endothermic
Class Aves
What class of Tetrapoda includes:
Skin with hair (modified scales)
Mammary glands: produce milk
Heterodont dentition
Endothermic
Class Mammalia
The 6 parts of human gross anatomy
Respiratory system
Circulatory system
Nervous system
Endocrine system
Reproductive system
Digestive system
Label the parts of the digestive system:
Label the parts of the nervous system:
Label the parts of the respiratory system:
Label the parts of the endocrine system
Label the parts of the circulatory system:
