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BIO Lab (Jaime and Travis) > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What type of life cycle does fungi have?

A

Zygotic

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2
Q

What is the distinguishing feature of chytridiomycota fungi (basal group of fungi)?

A

Motile spores with flagella (plesiomorphy). It’s what connects fungi to plants.

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3
Q

What are the 3 major divisions of fungi? (ABZ)

A

Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota

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4
Q

What is meant by imperfect fungi (Deuteromycota)?

A

Molds that cannot be placed in any of the other three divisions because their sexual phase is unknown.

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5
Q

What division contain scarlet cups, truffles, and morels?

A

Ascomycota

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6
Q

What division contain cap fungus, shelf fungi, and stinkhorns?

A

Basidiomycota

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7
Q

What is yeast?

A

Unicellular fungi in moist areas that are commensal (bread and beer) or parasites (vagina or shower) in animals and plants.

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8
Q

What are lichens?

A

Composite organism consisting of a fungus (mycobiont and an alga (phycobiont) that are mutually dependent.

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9
Q

What are mycorrhizae?

A

Composed of mutualistic association of plant roots and fungi. NOT root hairs, but fungus mycelium surround plant roots to increase surface area to enhance water/mineral absorption.

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10
Q

Lichens can reproduce asexually by producing what structures?

A

Soredia

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11
Q

How do fungi obtain nutrients?

A

Absorption through cell walls

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12
Q

What is haustoria?

A

Specialized hyphae that mutualistic and parasitic fungi use to penetrate through plant cell walls.

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13
Q

What is chitin?

A

Polysaccharide that strengthens fungi cell walls

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14
Q

What is mycelium?

A

What the underground fungi body consists of and is composed of a large number of hyphae filaments. We eat the above ground reproductive structures.

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15
Q

What type of hyphae has porous cross walls between cells?

A

Septate

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16
Q

What type of hyphae has NO porous cross walls between cells?

A

Aseptate (coenocytic)

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17
Q

What is the fungal life cycle?

A

Plasmogamy (fusion of hyphae and cytoplasm of two genetically different mating strains (+/-) -> dikaryotic hyphae formed -> karyogamy (fusion of +/- nuclei) -> meiosis (not mitosis) to produce haploid meiospores for dispersal and germination for sexual OR asexual reproduction

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18
Q

What arise from mitotic divisions of hyphae in fungal asexual reproduction?

A

Sporangiophores and conidiophores

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19
Q

What is a distinguishing feature of Basidiomycota?

A

Elaborate fruiting

20
Q

What is a distinguishing feature of Ascomycota

A

Sexual spores in asci (sacs)

21
Q

What is a distinguishing feature of Zygomycota

A

Resistant zygosporangium at sexual stage

22
Q

What is a basidiocarp?

A

The large structures formed from dikaryotic mycelium in the basidiomycota life cycle

23
Q

In the Ascomycota life cycle, after karyogamy and meiosis, four haploid nuclei undergo mitosis to form what?

A

Eight haploid ascospores

24
Q

What division do yeasts belong to?

A

Ascomycota

25
Q

What’s a key difference between ascomycota and basidiomycota?

A

Basidiomycota dikaryotic stage is long-lived and can produce basidiocarps every year for years. That’s why truffles in ascomycota are so expensive. They’re so short-lived.

26
Q

What lichen growth form is this?

A

crustose

27
Q

What lichen growth form is this?

A

foliose

28
Q

What lichen growth form is this?

A

fruticose

29
Q

This type of nutrient acquisition is where fungi secrete digestive enzymes out of their hyphae, and the enzymes digest the organic molecules extracellulary

A

saprobic

30
Q

In Fungi, plasmogamy is followed by the formation of ____ hyphae, composed of cells containing two gentically different haploid nuclei.

A

dikaryotic

31
Q

In fungi, as spores germinate, they produce ____ that form a new mycelium

A

hyphae

32
Q

When hyphae of two mycelia of different mating straing (+/-) come in close contact, they form these two distinct kinds of gametangia

A

ascogonia and antheridia

33
Q

Many dikaryotic hyphae arise from the ascogonia and form a cup-like structure called the ____

A

ascocarp

34
Q

The layer of cells that contain the spore-producing cells of the ascomycetes and basidiomycetes

A

hymenium

35
Q

These are released out of the end of the ascus

A

ascospores

36
Q

The asexual spores ____ are formed externally via mitosis at the ends of specialized hyphae called ____

A

conidia; condiophores

37
Q

Mushrooms belong to this “club fungi” division

A

basidiomycota

38
Q

The cap of the mushroom

A

pileus

39
Q

The stalk-like structure of the mushroom

A

stipe

40
Q

These are on the underside of the pileus

A

gills (lamellae)

41
Q

Basidiospores sit atop an extension of the basidium called the ____

A

sterigma

42
Q

These imperfect, rapidly growing asexual fungi cannot be placed in any other divisions because of their sexual phase is unknown

A

molds

43
Q

Mutualistic association

A

symbiosis

44
Q

Lichens are composit organisms consisting of a ____ and an ____.

A

fungi;alga

45
Q

The fungus in a lichen is ____

A

mycobiont

46
Q

The alga in a lichen is _____

A

phycobiont

47
Q
A

BIO Lab (Jaime and Travis) (23 decks)

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