Chapter 15

Question 1

What type of life cycle does fungi have?

Answer 1

Zygotic

Question 2

What is the distinguishing feature of chytridiomycota fungi (basal group of fungi)?

Answer 2

Motile spores with flagella (plesiomorphy). It’s what connects fungi to plants.

Question 3

What are the 3 major divisions of fungi? (ABZ)

Answer 3

Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota

Question 4

What is meant by imperfect fungi (Deuteromycota)?

Answer 4

Molds that cannot be placed in any of the other three divisions because their sexual phase is unknown.

Question 5

What division contain scarlet cups, truffles, and morels?

Answer 5

Ascomycota

Question 6

What division contain cap fungus, shelf fungi, and stinkhorns?

Answer 6

Basidiomycota

Question 7

What is yeast?

Answer 7

Unicellular fungi in moist areas that are commensal (bread and beer) or parasites (vagina or shower) in animals and plants.

Question 8

What are lichens?

Answer 8

Composite organism consisting of a fungus (mycobiont and an alga (phycobiont) that are mutually dependent.

Question 9

What are mycorrhizae?

Answer 9

Composed of mutualistic association of plant roots and fungi. NOT root hairs, but fungus mycelium surround plant roots to increase surface area to enhance water/mineral absorption.

Question 10

Lichens can reproduce asexually by producing what structures?

Answer 10

Soredia

Question 11

How do fungi obtain nutrients?

Answer 11

Absorption through cell walls

Question 12

What is haustoria?

Answer 12

Specialized hyphae that mutualistic and parasitic fungi use to penetrate through plant cell walls.

Question 13

What is chitin?

Answer 13

Polysaccharide that strengthens fungi cell walls

Question 14

What is mycelium?

Answer 14

What the underground fungi body consists of and is composed of a large number of hyphae filaments. We eat the above ground reproductive structures.

Question 15

What type of hyphae has porous cross walls between cells?

Answer 15

Septate

Question 16

What type of hyphae has NO porous cross walls between cells?

Answer 16

Aseptate (coenocytic)

Question 17

What is the fungal life cycle?

Answer 17

Plasmogamy (fusion of hyphae and cytoplasm of two genetically different mating strains (+/-) -> dikaryotic hyphae formed -> karyogamy (fusion of +/- nuclei) -> meiosis (not mitosis) to produce haploid meiospores for dispersal and germination for sexual OR asexual reproduction

Question 18

What arise from mitotic divisions of hyphae in fungal asexual reproduction?

Answer 18

Sporangiophores and conidiophores

Question 19

What is a distinguishing feature of Basidiomycota?

Answer 19

Elaborate fruiting

Question 20

What is a distinguishing feature of Ascomycota

Answer 20

Sexual spores in asci (sacs)

Question 21

What is a distinguishing feature of Zygomycota

Answer 21

Resistant zygosporangium at sexual stage

Question 22

What is a basidiocarp?

Answer 22

The large structures formed from dikaryotic mycelium in the basidiomycota life cycle

Question 23

In the Ascomycota life cycle, after karyogamy and meiosis, four haploid nuclei undergo mitosis to form what?

Answer 23

Eight haploid ascospores

Question 24

What division do yeasts belong to?

Answer 24

Ascomycota

Question 25

What's a key difference between ascomycota and basidiomycota?

Answer 25

Basidiomycota dikaryotic stage is long-lived and can produce basidiocarps every year for years. That's why truffles in ascomycota are so expensive. They're so short-lived.

Question 26

What lichen growth form is this?

Answer 26

crustose

Question 27

What lichen growth form is this?

Answer 27

foliose

Question 28

What lichen growth form is this?

Answer 28

fruticose

Question 29

This type of nutrient acquisition is where fungi secrete digestive enzymes out of their hyphae, and the enzymes digest the organic molecules extracellulary

Answer 29

saprobic

Question 30

In Fungi, plasmogamy is followed by the formation of ____ hyphae, composed of cells containing two gentically different haploid nuclei.

Answer 30

dikaryotic

Question 31

In fungi, as spores germinate, they produce ____ that form a new mycelium

Answer 31

hyphae

Question 32

When hyphae of two mycelia of different mating straing (+/-) come in close contact, they form these two distinct kinds of gametangia

Answer 32

ascogonia and antheridia

Question 33

Many dikaryotic hyphae arise from the ascogonia and form a cup-like structure called the \_\_\_\_

Answer 33

ascocarp

Question 34

The layer of cells that contain the spore-producing cells of the ascomycetes and basidiomycetes

Answer 34

hymenium

Question 35

These are released out of the end of the ascus

Answer 35

ascospores

Question 36

The asexual spores ____ are formed externally via mitosis at the ends of specialized hyphae called \_\_\_\_

Answer 36

conidia; condiophores

Question 37

Mushrooms belong to this "club fungi" division

Answer 37

basidiomycota

Question 38

The cap of the mushroom

Answer 38

pileus

Question 39

The stalk-like structure of the mushroom

Answer 39

stipe

Question 40

These are on the underside of the pileus

Answer 40

gills (lamellae)

Question 41

Basidiospores sit atop an extension of the basidium called the \_\_\_\_

Answer 41

sterigma

Question 42

These imperfect, rapidly growing asexual fungi cannot be placed in any other divisions because of their sexual phase is unknown

Answer 42

molds

Question 43

Mutualistic association

Answer 43

symbiosis

Question 44

Lichens are composit organisms consisting of a ____ and an \_\_\_\_.

Answer 44

fungi;alga

Question 45

The fungus in a lichen is \_\_\_\_

Answer 45

mycobiont

Question 46

The alga in a lichen is \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 46

phycobiont