Chapter 15 Flashcards
What type of life cycle does fungi have?
Zygotic
What is the distinguishing feature of chytridiomycota fungi (basal group of fungi)?
Motile spores with flagella (plesiomorphy). It’s what connects fungi to plants.
What are the 3 major divisions of fungi? (ABZ)
Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota
What is meant by imperfect fungi (Deuteromycota)?
Molds that cannot be placed in any of the other three divisions because their sexual phase is unknown.
What division contain scarlet cups, truffles, and morels?
Ascomycota
What division contain cap fungus, shelf fungi, and stinkhorns?
Basidiomycota
What is yeast?
Unicellular fungi in moist areas that are commensal (bread and beer) or parasites (vagina or shower) in animals and plants.
What are lichens?
Composite organism consisting of a fungus (mycobiont and an alga (phycobiont) that are mutually dependent.
What are mycorrhizae?
Composed of mutualistic association of plant roots and fungi. NOT root hairs, but fungus mycelium surround plant roots to increase surface area to enhance water/mineral absorption.
Lichens can reproduce asexually by producing what structures?
Soredia
How do fungi obtain nutrients?
Absorption through cell walls
What is haustoria?
Specialized hyphae that mutualistic and parasitic fungi use to penetrate through plant cell walls.
What is chitin?
Polysaccharide that strengthens fungi cell walls
What is mycelium?
What the underground fungi body consists of and is composed of a large number of hyphae filaments. We eat the above ground reproductive structures.
What type of hyphae has porous cross walls between cells?
Septate
What type of hyphae has NO porous cross walls between cells?
Aseptate (coenocytic)
What is the fungal life cycle?
Plasmogamy (fusion of hyphae and cytoplasm of two genetically different mating strains (+/-) -> dikaryotic hyphae formed -> karyogamy (fusion of +/- nuclei) -> meiosis (not mitosis) to produce haploid meiospores for dispersal and germination for sexual OR asexual reproduction
What arise from mitotic divisions of hyphae in fungal asexual reproduction?
Sporangiophores and conidiophores
What is a distinguishing feature of Basidiomycota?
Elaborate fruiting
What is a distinguishing feature of Ascomycota
Sexual spores in asci (sacs)
What is a distinguishing feature of Zygomycota
Resistant zygosporangium at sexual stage
What is a basidiocarp?
The large structures formed from dikaryotic mycelium in the basidiomycota life cycle
In the Ascomycota life cycle, after karyogamy and meiosis, four haploid nuclei undergo mitosis to form what?
Eight haploid ascospores
What division do yeasts belong to?
Ascomycota
What’s a key difference between ascomycota and basidiomycota?
Basidiomycota dikaryotic stage is long-lived and can produce basidiocarps every year for years. That’s why truffles in ascomycota are so expensive. They’re so short-lived.
What lichen growth form is this?
crustose
What lichen growth form is this?
foliose
What lichen growth form is this?
fruticose
This type of nutrient acquisition is where fungi secrete digestive enzymes out of their hyphae, and the enzymes digest the organic molecules extracellulary
saprobic
In Fungi, plasmogamy is followed by the formation of ____ hyphae, composed of cells containing two gentically different haploid nuclei.
dikaryotic
In fungi, as spores germinate, they produce ____ that form a new mycelium
hyphae
When hyphae of two mycelia of different mating straing (+/-) come in close contact, they form these two distinct kinds of gametangia
ascogonia and antheridia
Many dikaryotic hyphae arise from the ascogonia and form a cup-like structure called the ____
ascocarp
The layer of cells that contain the spore-producing cells of the ascomycetes and basidiomycetes
hymenium
These are released out of the end of the ascus
ascospores
The asexual spores ____ are formed externally via mitosis at the ends of specialized hyphae called ____
conidia; condiophores
Mushrooms belong to this “club fungi” division
basidiomycota
The cap of the mushroom
pileus
The stalk-like structure of the mushroom
stipe
These are on the underside of the pileus
gills (lamellae)
Basidiospores sit atop an extension of the basidium called the ____
sterigma
These imperfect, rapidly growing asexual fungi cannot be placed in any other divisions because of their sexual phase is unknown
molds
Mutualistic association
symbiosis
Lichens are composit organisms consisting of a ____ and an ____.
fungi;alga
The fungus in a lichen is ____
mycobiont
The alga in a lichen is _____
phycobiont
