BIO 242 Chapter 31

Question 1

What type of life cycle does fungi have?

Answer 1

Zygotic

Question 2

What is the distinguishing feature of chytridiomycota fungi (basal group of fungi)?

Answer 2

Motile spores with flagella (plesiomorphy). It’s what connects fungi to plants.

Question 3

What are the 3 major divisions of fungi? (ABZ)

Answer 3

Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota

Question 4

What is meant by imperfect fungi (Deuteromycota)?

Answer 4

Molds that cannot be placed in any of the other three divisions because their sexual phase is unknown.

Question 5

What division contain scarlet cups, truffles, and morels?

Answer 5

Ascomycota

Question 6

What division contain cap fungus, shelf fungi, and stinkhorns?

Answer 6

Basidiomycota

Question 7

What is yeast?

Answer 7

Unicellular fungi in moist areas that are commensal (bread and beer) or parasites (vagina or shower) in animals and plants.

Question 8

What are lichens?

Answer 8

Composite organism consisting of a fungus (mycobiont and an alga (phycobiont) that are mutually dependent.

Question 9

What are mycorrhizae?

Answer 9

Composed of mutualistic association of plant roots and fungi. NOT root hairs, but fungus mycelium surround plant roots to increase surface area to enhance water/mineral absorption.

Question 10

Lichens can reproduce asexually by producing what structures?

Answer 10

Soredia

Question 11

How do fungi obtain nutrients?

Answer 11

Absorption through cell walls

Question 12

What is haustoria?

Answer 12

Specialized hyphae that mutualistic and parasitic fungi use to penetrate through plant cell walls.

Question 13

What is chitin?

Answer 13

Polysaccharide that strengthens fungi cell walls

Question 14

What is mycelium?

Answer 14

What the underground fungi body consists of and is composed of a large number of hyphae filaments. We eat the above ground reproductive structures.

Question 15

What type of hyphae has porous cross walls between cells?

Answer 15

Septate

Question 16

What type of hyphae has NO porous cross walls between cells?

Answer 16

Aseptate (coenocytic)

Question 17

What is the fungal life cycle?

Answer 17

Plasmogamy (fusion of hyphae and cytoplasm of two genetically different mating strains (+/-) -> dikaryotic hyphae formed -> karyogamy (fusion of +/- nuclei) -> meiosis (not mitosis) to produce haploid meiospores for dispersal and germination for sexual OR asexual reproduction

Question 18

What arise from mitotic divisions of hyphae in fungal asexual reproduction?

Answer 18

Sporangiophores and conidiophores

Question 19

What is a distinguishing feature of Basidiomycota?

Answer 19

Elaborate fruiting

Question 20

What is a distinguishing feature of Ascomycota

Answer 20

Sexual spores in asci (sacs)

Question 21

What is a distinguishing feature of Zygomycota

Answer 21

Resistant zygosporangium at sexual stage

Question 22

What is a basidiocarp?

Answer 22

The large structures formed from dikaryotic mycelium in the basidiomycota life cycle

Question 23

In the Ascomycota life cycle, after karyogamy and meiosis, four haploid nuclei undergo mitosis to form what?

Answer 23

Eight haploid ascospores

Question 24

What division do yeasts belong to?

Answer 24

Ascomycota

Question 25

What’s a key difference between ascomycota and basidiomycota?

Answer 25

Basidiomycota dikaryotic stage is long-lived and can produce basidiocarps every year for years. That’s why truffles in ascomycota are so expensive. They’re so short-lived.