Chapter 22: Down Syndrome (Children)

Question 1

Down Syndrome

Answer 1

-most common and readily identifiable chromosomal abnormality associated with developmental disabilities
>during cell development, the fetus receives 47 chromosomes instead of the normal 46
-the extra chromosome changes the development of the body and the brain

Question 2

Signs + Symptoms

Answer 2

• poor muscle tone
• slanting eyes with folds of skin at the inner corners (epicanthal folds)
• hyperflexibility
• short, broad hands with a single crease across the palms of one or both hands
• broad feet with increased space between the first and second toes
• flat bridge of the nose
• short, low-set ears
• short neck with extra folds of skin
• small head
• small oral cavity and airway
• short, high-pitched cries in infancy

Question 3

Down Syndrome Health-related issues

Answer 3

• heart defects
• decreased immune function
• gastrointestinal anomalies
• visual and hearing difficulties
• speech difficulties
• hypothyroidism
• sleep apnea

Question 4

Diagnosis

Answer 4

-chromosomal blood test shortly after birth

>there is a wide variation in DS regarding cognitive abilities, behavior, and developmental progress

Question 5

Nursing Care

Answer 5

-nurse must be sensitive to the needs of parents who have learned the newborn has the disorder; help parents cope and provide resources
-early intervention serves as the best possible individualized care to children with DS so these individuals can make the most of their personal capabilities
>nursing care geared toward the special physical, developmental, and emotional needs of each child
>coordinate programs designed to help children with DS; programs offer speech therapy, cognitive and social skills, self-help skills, and occupational and physical therapies that may improve gross and fine motor development

Question 6

Education/Discharge

Answer 6

educate families and parents about resources available for children with DS