ATI: Adolescence Flashcards
Physical Development
- gain the final 20 to 25% of height during puberty
- sleep habits change with puberty due to increased metabolism and rapid growth
- adolescents stay up late, sleep later in the morning, and perhaps sleep longer than they did during the school-aged years
Females
-grow 5 to 20 cm (2 to 8 In)
-gain 15.5 to 55 lbs during prepuberty growth spurt
-stop growing around 16 to 17 years of age
>mature sexually in the following order:
-appearance of breast buds
-pubic hair (can be prior to breast bud development)
-onset of menstruation
Males
-grow 10 to 13 cm (4 to 12 in)
-gain 15 to 65 lbs during prepuberty growth spurt
-stop growing around age 18 to 20
>mature in following order:
-increase in the size of testes and scrotum
-pubic hair
-rapid growth of genitalia
-growth of axillary hair
-downy hair on upper lip
-change in voice
Cognitive Development: Piaget
Formal Operational
- think at an adult level
- think abstractly and deal with principles and hypothetical situations
- evaluate the quality of their own thinking
- have a longer attention span
- highly imaginative and idealistic
- make decisions though logical operations
- future-oriented
- capable of deductive reasoning
- understands how actions of an individual influence others
Language Development
- communicate one way with the peer group and another way with adults
- use open-ended questions to communicate and discuss sensitive issues
Psychosocial Development: Erikson
Identity vs Role Confusion
- they develop a sense of personal identity that family expectations influence
- adolescents strive for independence from guardians and identify more with peers
Group Identity
they become part of a peer group that greatly affects behavior
Vocationally
work habits and plans for college and career begin to solidify
Sexuality
- sexual identity develops during adolescence, with increasing interest in the opposite gender, same gender, or various genders, according to self-identification with sexuality
- self-identification can shift as sexual maturity progresses
Health Perceptions
often feel invincible to bad outcomes of risky behaviors
Moral Development
-do not see rules as absolutes; instead looking at each situation and adjusting the rules
Self-Concept Development
- develop a healthy self-concept by having healthy relationships with peers, family, and teachers while striving for emotional independence
- identifying a skill or a talent helps them maintain a healthy self-concept
- participation in sports, hobbies, or the community can have a positive outcome
Body-Image Changes
- seem particularly concerned with the body images the media portray
- changes during puberty result in comparisons between adolescence and peers
- guardians also give their input for hair styles, dress, and activity
- adolescents require interventions if depression or eating disorders result from poor body image
Social Development
- group relationships are important, as they lead to personal acceptance, approval, and learned behaviors
- peer relationships develop a support system
- best-friend relationships are more stable and long-lasting than in previous years
- guardian-child relationships change to allow more independence
Age-Appropriate Activities
- non-violent videogames, music, movies
- sports, social events
- caring for a pet
- career-training programs
- reading
Immunizations
- against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTap), human papillomavirus, hepatitis A and B, measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), varicella, seasonal influenza, meningococcal and polio
- for high-risk individuals, pneumococcal infections
Health Screenings
-scoliosis during adolescent growth spurt
Nutrition
- rapid growth and high metabolism require increases in high-quality nutrients
- nutrients that tend to be a deficit during this stage are iron, calcium, and vitamins A and C
Eating Disorders
-commonly develop during adolescents due to a fear of being overweight, fad diets, or as a mechanism of maintaining control over some aspect of life >anorexia nervosa >bulimia nervosa >overeating >Advise Guardians to: -not to use food as a reward -emphasize physical activity -provide a balanced diet -teach adolescents to make healthy food selections for meals and snacks
Dental Health
- brush daily
- floss daily
- regular check-ups
Bodily Harm Prevention
-keep firearms in a locked cabinet or box
-teach proper use of sporting equipment prior to use
-insist on helmet use and/or pads when roller skating, skateboarding, bicycling, riding scooters, skiing, and during any other activities that increase injury risk
-avoid trampolines
-be aware of changes in mood and monitor for self-harm in at-risk adolescents
>Watch for the following:
-poor school performance
-lack of interest in things of previous interest
-social isolation
-disturbances in sleep or appetite
-expression of suicidal thoughts
Burns Prevention
- teach fire safety
- promote sunscreen use
Drowning Prevention
-teach swimming skills and safety
Motor-Vehicle Injury Prevention
- encourage attendance at drivers’ education courses
- emphasize seat belt use
- discourage use of cell phones, including texting while driving
- teach the dangers of combining substance use with driving
Substance Use Injury Prevention
- monitor at-risk adolescents
- teach about dangers of smoking
- teach adolescents to say “no” to drugs and alcohol
- present a no-tolerance attitude
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Injury Prevention
- identify risk factors through the assessment and interview process
- provide education about prevention of STIs and resources for treatment
Pregnancy Prevention
- provide education
- for pregnant adolescents, provide resources for supervision of pregnancy, nutrition, and psychological support
