ATI: Adolescence

Question 1

Physical Development

Answer 1

• gain the final 20 to 25% of height during puberty
• sleep habits change with puberty due to increased metabolism and rapid growth
• adolescents stay up late, sleep later in the morning, and perhaps sleep longer than they did during the school-aged years

Question 2

Females

Answer 2

-grow 5 to 20 cm (2 to 8 In)
-gain 15.5 to 55 lbs during prepuberty growth spurt
-stop growing around 16 to 17 years of age
>mature sexually in the following order:
-appearance of breast buds
-pubic hair (can be prior to breast bud development)
-onset of menstruation

Question 3

Males

Answer 3

-grow 10 to 13 cm (4 to 12 in)
-gain 15 to 65 lbs during prepuberty growth spurt
-stop growing around age 18 to 20
>mature in following order:
-increase in the size of testes and scrotum
-pubic hair
-rapid growth of genitalia
-growth of axillary hair
-downy hair on upper lip
-change in voice

Question 4

Cognitive Development: Piaget

Answer 4

Formal Operational

• think at an adult level
• think abstractly and deal with principles and hypothetical situations
• evaluate the quality of their own thinking
• have a longer attention span
• highly imaginative and idealistic
• make decisions though logical operations
• future-oriented
• capable of deductive reasoning
• understands how actions of an individual influence others

Question 5

Language Development

Answer 5

• communicate one way with the peer group and another way with adults
• use open-ended questions to communicate and discuss sensitive issues

Question 6

Psychosocial Development: Erikson

Answer 6

Identity vs Role Confusion

• they develop a sense of personal identity that family expectations influence
• adolescents strive for independence from guardians and identify more with peers

Question 7

Group Identity

Answer 7

they become part of a peer group that greatly affects behavior

Question 8

Vocationally

Answer 8

work habits and plans for college and career begin to solidify

Question 9

Sexuality

Answer 9

• sexual identity develops during adolescence, with increasing interest in the opposite gender, same gender, or various genders, according to self-identification with sexuality
• self-identification can shift as sexual maturity progresses

Question 10

Health Perceptions

Answer 10

often feel invincible to bad outcomes of risky behaviors

Question 11

Moral Development

Answer 11

-do not see rules as absolutes; instead looking at each situation and adjusting the rules

Question 12

Self-Concept Development

Answer 12

• develop a healthy self-concept by having healthy relationships with peers, family, and teachers while striving for emotional independence
• identifying a skill or a talent helps them maintain a healthy self-concept
• participation in sports, hobbies, or the community can have a positive outcome

Question 13

Body-Image Changes

Answer 13

• seem particularly concerned with the body images the media portray
• changes during puberty result in comparisons between adolescence and peers
• guardians also give their input for hair styles, dress, and activity
• adolescents require interventions if depression or eating disorders result from poor body image

Question 14

Social Development

Answer 14

• group relationships are important, as they lead to personal acceptance, approval, and learned behaviors
• peer relationships develop a support system
• best-friend relationships are more stable and long-lasting than in previous years
• guardian-child relationships change to allow more independence

Question 15

Age-Appropriate Activities

Answer 15

• non-violent videogames, music, movies
• sports, social events
• caring for a pet
• career-training programs
• reading

Question 16

Immunizations

Answer 16

• against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTap), human papillomavirus, hepatitis A and B, measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), varicella, seasonal influenza, meningococcal and polio
• for high-risk individuals, pneumococcal infections

Question 17

Health Screenings

Answer 17

-scoliosis during adolescent growth spurt

Question 18

Nutrition

Answer 18

• rapid growth and high metabolism require increases in high-quality nutrients
• nutrients that tend to be a deficit during this stage are iron, calcium, and vitamins A and C

Question 19

Eating Disorders

Answer 19

-commonly develop during adolescents due to a fear of being overweight, fad diets, or as a mechanism of maintaining control over some aspect of life
>anorexia nervosa
>bulimia nervosa
>overeating
>Advise Guardians to:
-not to use food as a reward
-emphasize physical activity
-provide a balanced diet
-teach adolescents to make healthy food selections for meals and snacks

Question 20

Dental Health

Answer 20

• brush daily
• floss daily
• regular check-ups

Question 21

Bodily Harm Prevention

Answer 21

-keep firearms in a locked cabinet or box
-teach proper use of sporting equipment prior to use
-insist on helmet use and/or pads when roller skating, skateboarding, bicycling, riding scooters, skiing, and during any other activities that increase injury risk
-avoid trampolines
-be aware of changes in mood and monitor for self-harm in at-risk adolescents
>Watch for the following:
-poor school performance
-lack of interest in things of previous interest
-social isolation
-disturbances in sleep or appetite
-expression of suicidal thoughts

Question 22

Burns Prevention

Answer 22

• teach fire safety

- promote sunscreen use

Question 23

Drowning Prevention

Answer 23

-teach swimming skills and safety

Question 24

Motor-Vehicle Injury Prevention

Answer 24

• encourage attendance at drivers’ education courses
• emphasize seat belt use
• discourage use of cell phones, including texting while driving
• teach the dangers of combining substance use with driving

Question 25

Substance Use Injury Prevention

Answer 25

• monitor at-risk adolescents
• teach about dangers of smoking
• teach adolescents to say “no” to drugs and alcohol
• present a no-tolerance attitude

Question 26

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Injury Prevention

Answer 26

• identify risk factors through the assessment and interview process
• provide education about prevention of STIs and resources for treatment

Question 27

Pregnancy Prevention

Answer 27

• provide education

- for pregnant adolescents, provide resources for supervision of pregnancy, nutrition, and psychological support