Chapter 1B - Reverse edition Flashcards
Definition
underlying
/ˌʌndəˈlaɪɪŋ/
Unemployment may be an underlying cause of the rising crime rate.
important in a situation but not always easily noticed or stated clearly
Definition
to summarize (sth.)
/ˈsʌməraɪz/
The results of the research are summarized at the end of the chapter.
to give a statement of the main points of sth.
Definition
to pollute
/pəˈluːt/
The river has been polluted with toxic waste from local factories.
to add dirty or harmful substances to land, air, water, etc. so that it is no longer pleasant or safe to use
Definition
privacy
/ˈprɪvəsi/
freedom of speech and the right to privacy
the state of being free from the attention of the public
Definition
devout
/dɪˈvaʊt/
a devout Christian/Muslim
(of a person) believing strongly in a particular religion and obeying its laws and practices
Definition
to make a call
to take a decision, when you have to chose among a definite number of possibilities
Definition
to elaborate
/ɪˈlæbəreɪt/
This point will be elaborated further in the next chapter.
to develop a plan, an idea, etc. and make it complicated or detailed
Definition
surplus
/ˈsɜːpləs/
The balance of payments was in surplus last year
the amount by which the amount of money received is greater than the amount of money spent
Definition
a course
/kɔːs/
esp. a course of action : What course of action would you recommend ?
The wisest course would be to say nothing.
a way of acting in or dealing with a particular situation
Definition
ultimately
/ˈʌltɪmətli/
All life depends ultimately on oxygen.
at the most basic and important level
Definition
[uncountable] starvation
/stɑːˈveɪʃn/
Millions will face starvation next year as a result of the drought.
the state of suffering and death caused by having no food
Definition
[uncountable, plural] abuse
/əˈbjuːs/
allegations of human rights abuses
unfair, cruel or violent treatment of sb.
Definition
[phrasal verb] to refer to
The victims were not referred to by name.
to mention or speak about sb./sth.
Definition
[intrans., transitive] to overlap
/ˌəʊvəˈlæp/
the elimination of the overlapping operations led to an immediate improvement of productivity
if two events … or … each other, the second one starts before the first one has finished
Definition
invasion
/ɪnˈveɪʒn/
the German invasion of Poland in 1939
the act of an army entering another country by force in order to take control of it
Definition
[uncountable] data
/ˈdeɪtə/
data retrieval (= ways of keeping or finding information on a computer)
information that is stored by a computer
Definition
either
/ˈaɪðə(r)/ ou /ˈiːðə(r)/
There’s a door at either end of the corridor.
each of two
Definition
alienation
/ˌeɪliəˈneɪʃn/
Many immigrants suffer from a sense of alienation.
the feeling that you do not belong in a particular group
Definition
to label
/ˈleɪbl/
The file was labelled ‘Private’.
to fix a … on sth. or write information on sth.
Definition
[countable] hypothesis
/haɪˈpɒθəsɪs/
plural : hypotheses
/haɪˈpɒθəsiːz/
syn. : theory
/ˈθɪəri/
to formulate/confirm a hypothesis
an idea or explanation of sth. that is based on a few known facts but that has not yet been proved to be true or correct
plural = ?
syn. : ?
Definition
conciliatory
/kənˈsɪliətəri/
She had been too conciliatory towards her staff.
having the intention or effect of making angry people calm
Definition
theme
/θiːm/
The President stressed a favourite campaign theme—greater emphasis on education.
the subject or main idea in a talk, piece of writing or work of art
Definition
frustration
/frʌˈstreɪʃn/
She couldn’t stand the frustration of not being able to help.
the feeling of being frustrated
Definition
to stand aside
/stænd əˈsaɪd/
Don’t stand aside and let others do all the work.
to not get involved in sth.
Definition
compelling
/kəmˈpelɪŋ/
There is no compelling reason to believe him.
that makes you think it is true
Definition
a drain (on sb./sth.)
/dreɪn/
Military spending is a huge drain on the country’s resources.
a thing that uses a lot of the time, money, etc. that could be used for sth. else
Definition
vexing
/ˈveksɪŋ/
I found their attitude extremely vexing.
(old-fashioned or formal) annoying or worrying
Definition
headline
/ˈhedlaɪn/
They ran the story under the headline ‘Home at last!’
the title of a newspaper article printed in large letters, especially at the top of the front page
Definition
[intransitive, trans.] to imagine
/ɪˈmædʒɪn/
The house was just as she had imagined it.
to form a picture in your mind of what sth. might be like
Definition
developmental
/dɪˌveləpˈmentl/
The product is still at a developmental stage.
in a state of developing or being developed
Definition
crisis
/ˈkraɪsɪs/
plural : crises
/ˈkraɪsiːz/
- a political/financial crisis*
- The Labour Party was facing an identity crisis.*
a time of great danger, difficulty or confusion when problems must be solved or important decisions must be made
plural : ?
Definition
[countable] dream
/driːm/
She tried to turn her dream of runn_ing_ her own business into reality.
a wish to do sth., especially one that seems difficult to achieve
Definition
[intransitive] to differ
/ˈdɪfə(r)/
Medical opinion differs as to how to treat the disease.
to disagree with sb.
Definition
to counsel
/ˈkaʊnsl/
Most experts counsel caution in such cases.
(formal) to advise sb. to do sth.
Definition
to convey
/kənˈveɪ/
A carriage was waiting to convey her home.
to take, carry or transport sb./sth. from one place to another
Definition
billion
/ˈbɪljən/
one thousand million
Definition
[phrasal verb - no passive] to descend into sth.
The country was descending into chaos.
(formal) to gradually get into a bad state
Definition
to sidetrack (s.o. into doing sth.)
/ˈsaɪdtræk/
This last-minute agreement must not, however, sidetrack us from the reasons we are sitting at such a late hour.
to make sb. start to talk about or do sth. that is different from the main thing that they are supposed to be talking about or doing
Definition
to verify (sth./that/whether)
/ˈverɪfaɪ/
- We have no way of verifying (Ø) his story.*
- Please verify that there is sufficient memory available before loading the program.*
- I’ll leave you to verify whether these claims are true.*
(formal) to check that sth. is true or accurate
Definition
hostile
/ˈhɒstaɪl/
- The speaker got a hostile reception from the audience.*
- She was openly hostile towards her parents.*
very unfriendly or aggressive and ready to argue or fight
