Chapter 1A - Reverse edition Flashcards
Definition
to enact
/ɪˈnækt/
- legislation enacted by parliament*
- European states have enacted tough economic sanctions on Iran.*
to pass a law
Definition
to oust
/aʊst/
oust sb. (as sth.) : He was ousted as chairman.
oust sb. (from sth.) : The rebels finally managed to oust the government from power.
to force sb. out of a job or position of power, especially in order to take their place
Definition
to convey
/kənˈveɪ/
- Colours like red convey a sense of energy and strength.*
(formal) Please convey my apologies to your wife.
to make ideas, feelings, etc. known to sb.
Definition
merely
/ˈmɪəli/
It is not merely a job, but a way of life.
used meaning ‘only’ or ‘simply’ to emphasize a fact or sth. that you are saying
Definition
[no passive] to underlie sth.
/ˌʌndəˈlaɪ/
It is a principle that underlies all the party’s policies.
(formal) to be the basis or cause of sth.
Definition
to bear/take the brunt of sth.
/brʌnt/
Syrian citizens are bearing the brunt of the violence.
to receive the main force of sth. unpleasant
Definition
elusive
/iˈluːsɪv/
- Eric, as elusive as ever, was nowhere to be found.*
- the elusive concept of ‘literature’*
difficult to find, define or achieve
Definition
far-reaching
/ˌfɑː ˈriːtʃɪŋ/
The decision by the European Court will have far-reaching consequences.
likely to have a lot of influence or many effects
Definition
to scorn (s.o./sth.)
/skɔːn/
- His brother had always scorned him.*
- She scorned their views as old-fashioned.*
to feel or show that you think sb./sth. is stupid and you do not respect them or it
Definition
[usually passive] to outvote
/ˌaʊtˈvəʊt/
His proposal was outvoted by 10 votes to 8.
to defeat sb./sth. by winning a larger number of votes
Definition
the Government
/ˈɡʌvənmənt/
abbreviation : govt
She has resigned from the Government.
the group of people who are responsible for controlling a country or a state
abbreviation : ?
Definition
surveillance
/sərˈveɪləns/
The police are keeping the suspects under constant surveillance.
the act of carefully watching a person suspected of a crime or a place where a crime may be committed
Definition
to acknowledge
/əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/
- Are you prepared to acknowledge your responsibility?*
- a generally acknowledged fact*
to accept that sth. is true
Definition
to compel
/kəmˈpel/
The law can compel fathers to make regular payments for their children.
to force sb. to do sth.; to make sth. necessary
Definition
coercion
/kəʊˈɜːʃn/
He claimed he had only acted under coercion.
(formal) the action of making sb. do sth. that they do not want to do, using force or threatening to use force
Definition
power
/ˈpaʊə(r)/
the ability of an actor to achieve its goals
Definition
crisis
/ˈkraɪsɪs/
plur. : crises
/ˈkraɪsiːz/
- The fever has passed its crisis.*
- Their marriage has reached crisis point.*
a time when a problem, a bad situation or an illness is at its worst point
plural : ?
Definition
a commonality
/kɒməˈnalɪti/
pl. : commonalities
A commonality between all of the studies reviewed, is the propensity for street gangs to be involved with drugs.
the fact of sharing features or qualities
plural : ?
Definition
[uncountable, count.] climate
/ˈklaɪmət/
a mild/temperate/warm/wet climate
the regular pattern of weather conditions of a particular place
Definition
to shift (from… to/towards/toward…)
/ʃɪft/
- Public attitudes towards marriage have shifted over the past 50 years.*
- The balance of power shifted away from workers towards employers.*
- Her sympathies gradually shifted to the side of the protesters.*
(of a situation, an opinion, a policy etc.) to change from one state, position, etc. to another
Definition
grievance
/ˈɡriːvəns/
Parents were invited to air (=express) their grievances at the meeting.
sth. that you think is unfair and that you complain or protest about
Definition
a criterion
/kraɪˈtɪəriən/
pl. : criteria
/kraɪˈtɪəriə/
The main criterion is value for money.
a standard or principle by which sth. is judged; or with the help of which a decision is made
pl. : ?
Definition
[intransitive] to argue
/ˈɑːɡjuː/
We’re always arguing with each other about money.
to speak angrily to sb. because you disagree with them
Definition
to label
/ˈleɪbl/
He was labelled (as) a traitor by his former colleagues.
to describe sb./sth. in a particular way, especially unfairly
Definition
[transitive] to skew sth.
/skjuː/
to skew the statistics
to distort from a true value
Definition
compelling
/kəmˈpelɪŋ/
Her latest book makes compelling reading.
that makes you pay attention to it because it is so interesting and exciting
Definition
scholar
/ˈskɒlə(r)/
He was the most distinguished scholar in his field.
a person who knows a lot about a particular subject because they have studied it in detail
Definition
to contend
/kənˈtend/
syn. : to maintain
/meɪnˈteɪn/
I would contend that the minister’s thinking is flawed on this point.
to argue or state earnestly
syn. : ?
Definition
to envision
/ɪnˈvɪʒn/
They envision an equal society, free of poverty and disease.
to imagine what a situation will be like in the future, especially a situation you intend to work towards
Definition
a disruption
/dɪsˈrʌpʃn/
The strike caused serious disruptions.
the act of stopping sth. from continuing in the normal way
Definition
tentative
/ˈtentətɪv/
syn. : hesitant
/ˈhezɪtənt/
Her English is correct but tentative.
not behaving or done with confidence
syn. : ?
Definition
to follow through (with sth.)
/ˈfɒləʊ θruː/
We must be prepared to follow through with that threat if everything else fails.
to finish sth. that you have started
Definition
extent
/ɪkˈstent/
It is difficult to assess the full extent of the damage.
how large, important, serious, etc. sth. is
Definition
to topple (s.o./sth.)
/ˈtɒpl/
syn. : to overthrow
a plot to topple the President
to make sb. lose their position of power or authority
syn. : ?
Definition
[usually plural] finding
/ˈfaɪndɪŋ/
- The findings of the commission will be published today.*
- These findings suggest that there is no direct link between unemployment and crime.*
information that is discovered as the result of research into sth.
Definition
to bear out
/’beə(r) aʊt/
The theory that free trade would increase prosperity was borne out in the postwar economic boom.
to show that sb. is right or that sth. is true
Definition
to alleviate
/əˈliːvieɪt/
syn. : to ease
/iːz/
- to alleviate suffering*
- A number of measures were taken to alleviate the problem.*
to make sth. less severe
syn. : ?
Definition
a view
/vjuː/
He has an optimistic view of life.
a way of understanding or thinking about sth.
Definition
to comprise
/kəmˈpraɪz/
syn. : consist of
/kənˈsɪst əv/
- The collection comprises 327 paintings.*
- The committee is comprised of representatives from both the public and private sectors.*
to have sb./sth. as parts or members
syn. : ?
Definition
agreement
/əˈɡriːmənt/
- an international peace agreement*
- The agreement (= the document recording the agreement) was signed during a meeting at the UN.*
an arrangement, a promise or a contract made with sb.
