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ap world history 🌎 > chapter 18 if it was actually interesting > Flashcards

chapter 18 if it was actually interesting Flashcards

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1
Q

(vocab) Griots

A

professional singers & storytellers in Africa

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2
Q

(vocab) Sundiata

A

known as the “Lion Prince”, he established the Mali empire and consolidated rule throughout the valley of the Niger river

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3
Q

(vocab) Bantu peoples

A

a group whose migrations settled in most parts of Africa south of the equator, establishing agricultural societies and displacing hunters & gatherers

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4
Q

(vocab) Mansa Musa

A

the grandnephew of Sundiata and the ruler of Mali from 1312 to 1337, his gifts established mosques and religious schools throughout west Africa

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5
Q

(vocab) Swahili Society

A

Bantu peoples who established settlements and dominated trade on the coasts and islands of east Africa

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6
Q

(vocab) Ibn Battuta

A

a Moroccan jurist and possibly the most traveled man of his time, it is through his written accounts that gives insight into the customs of the age

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7
Q

(vocab) Jenne-jeno

A

A center of iron production and trade that emerged around 400 CE, becoming the main commercial crossroad of west Africa

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8
Q

(vocab) Ife & Benin

A

local city-state kingdoms that arose around 1000 CE in the forested regions of west Africa under powerful chiefs

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9
Q

(vocab) Kingdom of Kongo

A

prosperous Congolese state with a tightly centralized government, actively participating in trade networks for copper, cloth, and shells

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10
Q

(vocab) Kingdom of Ghana

A

the principal state of west Africa at the time of Muslim arrival, situated between the Senegal and Niger rivers

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11
Q

(vocab) Koumbi-Saleh

A

at its height, a thriving commercial center and primary trading site that became the capital of the kingdom of Ghana

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12
Q

(vocab) Timbuktu & Gao

A

market cities on the trans-Saharan caravan routes that became prosperous trading centers

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13
Q

(vocab) Kilwa

A

by the 13th century, one of the busiest city-states on the east African coast, often importing Chinese porcelain in exchange for gold

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14
Q

(vocab) Zimbabwe

A

referring to “the dwelling of a chief”, it is best known as a large and powerful kingdom in east-central Africa

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15
Q

(vocab) Great Zimbabwe

A

arising in the early 13th century, it was a city of stone towers that served as a capital and controlled trade between the interior and coastal regions

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16
Q

(vocab) Axum

A

located in the Highlands of modern Ethiopia during the 4th century CE, it became a foothold for Christianity in Africa

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17
Q

(vocab) Trans-Saharan Trade

A

Extensive north-south commercial activity across the deserts of northern Africa

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18
Q

(vocab) Zanj Revolt

A

A lengthy uprising of black slaves from the Swahili coast in the late 9th century

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19
Q

(vocab) Islamic Slave Trade

A

Muslim networks that transported an estimated 10 million Africans to foreign lands between 750 and 1500 CE

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20
Q

(vocab) Oral tradition

A

Stories, histories, accounts, and other epics transmitted by professional singers & storytellers

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21
Q

(vocab) Kin-based societies

A

Rule built on the principle of family and clan groups where the male heads of families constituted a village’s ruling council

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22
Q

(vocab) Camels

A

the chosen beast of burden for the long-distance caravan trade across the Sahara

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23
Q

(vocab) Mali Empire

A

A powerful political state which emerged in the first half of the 13th century after the collapse of the Kingdom of Ghana

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24
Q

(vocab) Age Groups

A

In African society, groupings of all individuals within a community born within a few years of each other

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25
Q

(vocab) Kebra Negast

A

Fictional work that meant to tie Ethiopia’s rulers as descendants of David and Solomon

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26
Q

Trade and communications networks were slower to penetrate sub-Saharan Africa compared to other regions because…

A

there were formidable geographic barriers to overcome

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27
Q

The earliest Bantu migrants were…

A

agriculturalists

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28
Q

True or False: The bubonic plague stimulated African migrations.

A

False. African migrations were mostly stimulated by the introduction of iron metallurgy, bananas, agriculture, and population pressure.

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29
Q

Before the 10th century, the dominant form of social organization in sub-Saharan Africa was the…

A

Kin-based system

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30
Q

True or false: It is accurate to say that Kin based societies had:
1. male heads of families preside over village affairs
2. the most prominent of family heads acting as chief
3. a group of villages constituting a district
4. ethnic loyalties focused at the district level.

A

True. All statements are accurate

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31
Q

The kingdom of Kongo maintained what system, based on what?

A

It maintained a royal currency system based on cowries from the Indian Ocean

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32
Q

The arrival of camels in Africa quickened…

A

The pace of communication across the Sahara

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33
Q

In an analogy, Koumbi-Saleh was to the kingdom of Ghana as Niani was…

A

as Niani was to the Mali empire

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34
Q

The conversion to Islam of rulers of the kingdom of Ghana and the Mali empire stimulated…

A

commercial relations with Muslim merchants

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35
Q

Swahili refers to…

A

The peoples of the east African coast

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36
Q

True or false: Zimbabwe and Ife were one of the Swahili city-states.

A

False. Swahili city states were on the coast of East Africa. Zimbabwe is in southern Africa and Ife is in Nigeria.

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37
Q

True or False: According to Ibn Battuta, Mogadishu…
1. had only hunters, gatherers, and fishers
2. was a large, inland, overland trade city
3. had not yet converted to Islam
4. was hostile to strangers.

A

False. None of those statements are true.

38
Q

In societies of the sub-Sahara, what did not exist?

A

Private ownership of land did not exist

39
Q

After the 11th century, the slave trade became increasingly important in Africa because of…

A

a demand for slaves in foreign markets outstripped the supply

40
Q

Unlike many other religions, African religion…

A

…did not concern itself with matters of theology

41
Q

Compared with Islam, Christianity in sub-Saharan Africa was…

A

…located in a much smaller region

42
Q

Upon adopting Islamic faith, African women…

A

Did not experience much change in their social status

43
Q

by 100 CE Bantu speaking people had settled in…

A

Most of Africa, South of the equator

44
Q

when and where were bananas domesticated?

A

400 CE, southeast Africa (madagascar)

45
Q

when did the desertification of the Sahara begin?

A

5000 BCE

46
Q

what were the main things that were traded in ghana?

A

GOLD, SALT, ivory, slaves, and iron

47
Q

what did mansa musa do during his rule?

A

built mosques, supported muslim scholars, and established religious schools

48
Q

The capital of the kingdom of Ghana, and a major trading center, was

A

Koumbi-Saleh

49
Q

The variety of Christianity practiced in Axum was

A

Coptic christianity.

50
Q

True or False: The conversion to Islam by east African merchants and princes did NOT completely eliminate animistic religions

A

True. Many local populations continued to practice animistic beliefs alongside Islamic faith

51
Q

In regards to political structure, the early Bantu societies…

A

governed themselves mostly through family and kinship groups

52
Q

Axum was

A

a Christian kingdom in Ethiopia

53
Q

First domesticated in southeast Asia, _____ provided a nutritious supplement to Bantu diets as well as allowing the Bantu to expand into forested regions.

A

bananas

54
Q

In sub-Saharan Africa, an age grade was…

A

a publicly recognized group which performed tasks based on their strength and maturity

55
Q

In the smaller states of sub-Saharan Africa, the primary considerations for determining social position were…

A

kinship, age groupings, and sex and gender expectations

56
Q

Between 750 and 1500 CE, the number of slaves transported north as part of the trans-Saharan slave trade may have been around…

A

ten (10) million

57
Q

A Bantu village ruling council was made up of…

A

the male heads of families

58
Q

Usually, a Bantu district, which consisted of a group of villages, was NOT…

A

ruled by a chief or by a larger government

59
Q

The Bantu originally came from around…

A

Nigeria

60
Q

By the tenth century CE the kings of Ghana had converted to…

A

Islam

61
Q

The Bantu probably began their migrations because of…

A

population pressures

62
Q

Ethiopian Christianity retained both…

A

Traditional African and Christian beliefs

63
Q

The term Zimbabwe originally referred to…

A

the dwelling of a chief

64
Q

True or False: Domestication of the camel was NOT one of the central factors in the establishment of trans-Saharan trade.

A

False. camels were very important in caravans

65
Q

The great epic story of Mali is known as

A

the story of Sundiata (Sunjata)

66
Q

Mali became the wealthiest kingdom in sub-Saharan Africa because of…

A

its control of the gold trade

67
Q

By the middle of the first millennium BCE, the Bantu had begun to produce…

A

iron

68
Q

The most tightly centralized of the fourteenth century Bantu kingdoms was…

A

Kongo

69
Q

The most powerful state in west Africa at the time of the arrival of Islam was…

A

Ghana

70
Q

Most sub-Saharan African religions believed in…

A

a powerful creator god who took a very active role in everyday human affairs

71
Q

Who made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324-25?

A

Mansa Musa

72
Q

True or False: A vibrant religious inspiration caused by the kings’ conversion to Christianity was NOT one of the foundations of Mali’s power.

A

True. Mali’s power was primarily built on its control of the trans-Saharan trade routes. Also, they were Islam…

73
Q

Since there was no concept of private ownership of land in sub-Saharan Africa, slave ownership was…

A

an important aspect of determining personal wealth

74
Q

Just as the kingdoms of west Africa depended on trans-Saharan trade, the kingdoms of east Africa depended on…

A

Indian Ocean trade

75
Q

Oral traditions express the notion that the Bantu viewed hunting and gathering peoples such as the pygmies as

A

inferior and even subhuman, likening them to chimpanzees

76
Q

The Swahili city-state of Kilwa was ferociously sacked in 1505 by the…

A

Portuguese

77
Q

In relation to spreading their language across a huge stretch of Africa, the Bantu played a role similar to that played by

A

Indo-Europeans

78
Q

In regards to gender issues in sub-Saharan Africa,

A

women had more opportunities open to them than their counterparts in other societies

79
Q

How many languages were spoken in sub-Saharan Africa?

A

around 800

80
Q

Who was the ruler of Mali during its peak?

A

Mansa Musa

81
Q

By 1000 C.E., the population of sub-Saharan Africa had risen to around

A

22 million

82
Q

Gao was an important trading center in…

A

the Sahara desert

83
Q

Swahili is an Arabic term meaning

A

“coasters”

84
Q

Ife and Benin were both…

A

city-states ruled by family relationships and political alliances.

85
Q

The Swahili city-states dominated…

A

trade along the east African coast.

86
Q

What large kingdom, situated between the Zambesi and Limpopo rivers, was dominated by a magnificent capital of stone towers, palaces, and public buildings?

A

Zimbabwe

87
Q

The term Zanj refers to

A

a Swahili slave

88
Q

What did Ali bin Muhammad do?

A

Lead the Zanj revolt

89
Q

Most sub-Saharan African religions were centered on…

A

the practical business of explaining and predicting the experiences of individuals.

90
Q

Christian churches carved from solid rock are an example of the influence of

A

pre-Christian values

ap world history 🌎 (8 decks)

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