Cell Bio - Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Define the term “mRNA”

messenger RNA

Answer 1

Single stranded molecule that carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from the DNA in the nucleus, to a ribosome, where the protein is made from amino acids.

Question 2

Define the role of proteins in cells and explain what they are made up of

Answer 2

• Help determine the characteristics of specialised cells and whole organisms.
• Made from amino acids. There are over 20 different types

Question 3

State which structure makes the proteins out of amino acids

Answer 3

Ribosome
(outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm)

Question 4

Describe how protein synthesis OCCURS

Answer 4

mRNA travels to the ribosomes where the amino acids are arranged into the correct order for the protein coded for by that gene.

Question 5

Describe the PROCESS of making proteins

Answer 5

Proteins are made up of amino acids joined end to end. The final protein folds into a specific 3D shape, decided by the order of amino acids in the chain. The shape of the protein decides its function.