B13.4 DNA and the genome Flashcards

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1
Q

What are your chromosomes made up of?

A

Long molecules known as DNA (deoxyribonucleic aicd)

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2
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A

A polymer made up of many repeating units

The long strands of DNA twist and spiral to form a double helix structure

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3
Q

What are genes?

A

Small sections of this DNA - where genetic information - the coded information that determines inherited characteristic - is actually stored.

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4
Q

What do each gene code for?

A

Particular sequence of amino acids joined together to make a specific proteins
These proteins include the enzymes that control your cell chemistry

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5
Q

What is a genome?

A

The entire genetic material of the organism - includes chromosome and genetic material.

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6
Q

Where does your mitrochondrial DNA come from?

A

Your mother because it comes from the mitochondria in the egg

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7
Q

How can human genome make many different proteins?

A

By switching a part of a gene on and off

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8
Q

Why does understanding the human genome matter?

A

Helps us to understand inherited disorders such as cystic fibrosis and sickle cell disease

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9
Q

What happens if we learn more about the genome?

A

The more likely we are to predict the risk for each individual - so they can make lifestyle choices to help reduce the risk

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10
Q

How does understanding the genome help understand human history?

A

People all over the world can be linked by patterns in their DNA - allowing scientists to trace human migration patterns from our ancient history

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11
Q

What is the human genome project?

A

A major project to sequence entire human genome

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