B11.5 Human reproduction

Question 1

What are the primary sexual characterisitcs?

Answer 1

The ones you are born with such as the ovaries in girls and testes in boys

Question 2

What does the scrotum do/.

Answer 2

Keeps the testes outside the body for maximum sperm production

Question 3

What does the reproductive organs do?

Answer 3

Produce Oestrogen and Testosterone and the special sex cells or gametes that join together in reproduction

Question 4

What does a rising Oestrogen level do?

Answer 4

Triggers the development of the female secondary sexual characteristics usually between the ages of 8 and 14 years.

Question 5

What are the main changes when the development of secondary sexual characteristics is triggered?

Answer 5

Growth spurt - Growth of hair under the arms and pubic hair - breast develop - skin darkens - fat is deposited on the buttocks and thighs and Uterus grows

Question 6

What is Ovulation?

Answer 6

the release of a mature egg after every 28 days

Question 7

What happens each month?

Answer 7

Eggs begin to mature in the ovary and can go the uterus( where the fetus develops) through the fallopian tube and at the same time the uterus produces a thickened lining ready for pregancy

Question 8

What happens if the egg is not fetilised?

Answer 8

Around 14 years later the lining of the uterus is shed along with the egg

Question 9

What hormones are involved in controlling the menstrual cycle?

Answer 9

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) causes the egg in the ovary to mature ( the eggs grow surrounded by cells called the follicle)

Luteinising hormone (LH) stimulates the release of the egg at ovulation

Oestrogen and progesterone stimulate the build-up and maintenance of the uterus lining

Question 10

When is the egg released/left from the body/ made again?

Answer 10

0-5 days old egg leaves body
12-16 egg released
20-28 new egg in womb

Question 11

How long does it take the egg to mature and travel to the womb?

Answer 11

0-12 days egg maturing in ovary

15-23 days egg travel to the womb

Question 12

What is the menopause phase?

Answer 12

Where the woman can longer have children

Approaching he menopause a woman is less fertile and has a higher risk of having a baby with genetic problems

Question 13

What is the main male reproductive hormone?

Answer 13

Testosterone

Question 14

When does puberty occur for boys?

Answer 14

9-15 years
Changes include - growth spurt - pubic hair - voice breaks - skin darkens - testes grow - shoulders and chest broaden as muscle develops

Question 15

Why are hormones important in human reproduction?

Answer 15

involvement in different development of boys and girls in uterus,
involvement in body changes at puberty,
• control of ovulation in menstrual cycle,
• control of sperm production

Question 16

Three similarities and differences in puberty between boys and girls?

Answer 16

Similarities:
adolescent growth spurt (slightly later in boys),
• growth of pubic and body hair,
• external genitalia grow and skin darkens,
• brain matures
Differences:
Testes grow and start producing sperm in boys/ovaries start to form mature ova monthly in girls,
• boys develop facial hair,
• girls develop breasts,
• male larynx grows and voice breaks,
• uterus grows and becomes active in girls,
• menstruation begins in girls

Question 17

Roles of all the hormones in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 17

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) causes eggs to mature, luteinising hormone (LH) stimulates release of egg at ovulation, oestrogen and progesterone stimulate build‑up and maintenance of uterus lining.