B12.4 Dialysis - an artificial kidney Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 methods of treating kidney faliure?

A

Dialysis

Kidney transplant

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2
Q

What is dialysis?

A

Function of the kidney is carried out artificially

Relies on the process of dialysis to clean the blood

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3
Q

What happens in a dialysis machine?

A

A person’s blood leaves their body and flows between partially permeable membranes

On the other side of the membrane is the dialysis fluid - fluid contains the same concentration of useful substances as the blood of a healthy person

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4
Q

What are the problems with dialysis?

A

Takes 8 hours for it to complete
Have to manage diet carefully
Helps keep their blood chemistry as stable as possible so that they can lead a normal life between sessions

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5
Q

How does dialysis work?

A

Dialysis fluid removes the harmful substances

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6
Q

What is the importance of the dialysis fluid?

A

Contains the same concentration of glucose and mineral ions as blood of a person without kidney disease - ensure no net movement of glucose out of the blood

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7
Q

Why does the dialysis fluid contain a normal plasma level?

A

Any excess ions are removed from the bloody by diffusion from the blood into the dialysis fluid by a concentration gradient

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8
Q

What is the importance of the fluid containing no urea?

A

Makes a steep concentration gradient - much of the urea leaves the blood

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9
Q

Why is a partially permeable surface important?

A

This membrane allows particles that the body needs to get rid of to pass through it, but doesn’t let important parts of the blood (e.g. blood cells) pass through

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10
Q

What are the problems of dialysis?

A

Have to spend regular long sessions connected to it and you may feel tired
Balance of substances can be difficult to control

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11
Q

Why does the blood go through a bubble trap?

A

To get rid of any bubbles

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12
Q

What is the overall view of how a dialysis machine works?

A
  • Blood passes out of artery via pump.
  • Blood thinners added to prevent clotting.
  • Blood passes between dialysis membranes where excess salt and urea are removed by diffusion down a concentration gradient.
  • Clean blood passes through bubble trap before returning to vein.
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13
Q

What is the purpose of blood thinners?

A

Prevent clotting

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14
Q

Why do people with kidney failure have to control their intake of protein and salt?

A
  • People with kidney failure cannot remove excess mineral ions such as salt or get rid of urea produced by the breakdown of excess amino acids from proteins.
  • So they have to limit intake to keep levels in body as low as possible to remain feeling well between dialysis sessions.
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15
Q

Why is it important for the blood and dialysis fluid to be circulated?

A

To help maintain optimum concentration gradients.
Dialysis process relies on diffusion down concentration gradients (no
active transport), maintained by flow of fluid.

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