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VANA 101 > Arthrology > Flashcards

Arthrology Flashcards

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1
Q

Classification of Joints:

A
  • Fibrous Joints
  • Cartilaginous Joints
  • Synovial Joints
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2
Q

is the study of the articulations (unions) between bones

A

arthrology

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3
Q

arthrology is the study of the articulations (unions) between bones, which are commonly called?

A

joints

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4
Q

The tissue that unites the bones of a joint is generally?

A

fibrous tissue or cartilage.

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5
Q

This joint have no joint cavity. The bones are united by fibrous tissue

A

Fibrous joints

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6
Q

refers to a joint united by fibrous tissue that permits only slight movement.

A

Syndesmosis

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7
Q

This is the particular fibrous joint between bones of the skull. It is often completely ossify in maturity.

A

suture

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8
Q

is the specialized articulation of teeth in their alveoli (sockets) in the mandible and maxilla.

A

gomphosis

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9
Q

The collagenous tissues and fibroblasts that join the tooth to the socket constitute the?

A

periodontium

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10
Q

This joint are united by cartilage, with no intervening joint cavity.

A

cartilaginous joint

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11
Q

is an immovable joint in which the uniting medium is hyaline
cartilage.

A

synchondrosis

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12
Q

are united by flattened disks of fibrocartilage as found between adjacent pelvic bones and between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae and sternebrae.

A

Symphyses (fibrocartilaginous joints)

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13
Q

The fibrous or cartilaginous tissues separating adjacent bones in syndesmoses, synchondroses, and symphyses can be replaced by bone as a result of either aging or degenerative processes. When this occurs, the joint is sometimes called a?

A

synostosis

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14
Q

This joint have similar general structure, which
includes articular surfaces, articular cartilages,
articular cavity, joint capsule, and ligaments

A

synovial (formerly called diarthrodial) joints

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15
Q

are specialized layers of compact bone on the surfaces that articulate with other bones.

A

articular surfaces

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16
Q

is a layer of hyaline cartilage covering the articular surface.

A

articular cartilage

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17
Q

is a space between the adjacent bones of the joint surrounded by the joint capsule.

A

Articular cavity

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18
Q

articular cavity is a space between the adjacent bones of the joint surrounded by the joint capsule. Because the space is normally very small and has within it only a very small amount of lubricating fluid, it is called?

A

Potential space

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19
Q

joint capsule consists of two layers:

A
  • synovial membrane
  • fibrous capsule
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20
Q

The deeper layer of joint capsule is the ?, a delicate layer of specialized connective tissue extending from the edges of the articular cartilages of the adjacent bones but not covering the articular cartilage.

A

synovial membrane

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21
Q

Synovial membrane secretes ?, which lubricates the normal
joint.

A

Synovial fluids

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22
Q

fingerlike projections, may also project into the joint cavity.

A

Villi (villi synoviales)

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23
Q

The superficial layer of the joint capsule is the ?, a heavier fibrous sleeve adjacent to the synovial membrane.

A

fibrous capsule

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24
Q

in relation to the musculoskeletal system, are connective tissue bands that extend from bone to bone.

A

Ligaments

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25
Q

are connective tissue bands that connect muscle to bone.

A

Tendons

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26
Q

This ligaments are found within joints and are surrounded by the synovial membrane.

A

Intracapsular (intra-articular) ligaments

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27
Q

This ligament are external to the joint capsule; they include collateral, dorsal, palmar, plantar, and annular ligaments.

A

Extracapsular (periarticular) ligaments

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28
Q

This ligaments lie on the medial and lateral aspects of a joint.

A

Collateral ligaments

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29
Q

This ligaments lie in front of and behind the joint.

A

Dorsal and palmar (or plantar) ligaments

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30
Q

This ligaments surround the joint, and their fi bers generally circle the joint to strengthen and protect the capsule.

A

Annular ligaments

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31
Q

are interposed between surfaces of some joints, where they contribute to the congruency of the articular cartilages and probably play a role in complex joint movements. Menisci are truly intracapsular in that they are not covered by synovial membrane.

A

Menisci ( fibrocartilage disks)

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32
Q

is a small, fl uid-fi lled sac lined with synovial membrane. It act as cushions and are generally found where tendons cross over a bony prominence.

A

Bursa

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33
Q

a synovial membrane–lined tube that wraps around the
tendon’s circumference.

A

synovial sheath

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34
Q

This joint may exhibit one or more of the following movements: gliding or sliding, flexion, extension, hyperextension, rotation, adduction, abduction, and circumduction

A

Synovial joints

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35
Q

This movement occurs between two more or less fl at surfaces in plane joints.

A

Gliding or sliding

36
Q

consists of a twisting movement of a segment around its own axis.

A

Rotation

37
Q

combines the other types of movement with the exception of rotation

A

Circumduction

38
Q

rotates an extremity so that the dorsum is up

A

Pronation

39
Q

is a movement that rotates an extremity so that the palmar or plantar aspect of the limb is up.

A

Supination

40
Q

A type of joint involve only two articulating bones

A

Simple joints

41
Q

This is a type of joint that includes more than two bones within the same joint capsule

A

composite joints

42
Q

This type of joint move only in their sagittal plane. The movements in this type of joint are flexion, extension, and, in some joints, hyperextension.

A

Ginglymus (hinge) joints

43
Q

This type of joint have only a slight gliding movement between relatively flat apposed surfaces.

A

Plane joints

44
Q

Plane joints have only a slight gliding movement between relatively flat apposed surfaces. These surfaces are called?

A

facets

45
Q

This type of joint is one in which rotary movement occurs around one axis.

A

trochoid (pivot) joint

46
Q

This type of joint permit movement in nearly any direction. A spherical head on one bone fits into a cup-shaped depression in the other. Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation, and circumduction are all possible

A

Spheroid (ball and socket) joints

47
Q

What is the best example of a spheroid joint.

A

The coxofemoral (hip) joint

48
Q

This joint has a convex articular condyles articulate with somewhat concave articular surfaces.

A

condylar joint

49
Q

What are some examples of condylar joints

A

temporomandibular and femorotibial (stifle) joints

50
Q

this joint has an articular surface that is expanded more in one direction than another, forming an ellipse

A

ellipsoid joint

51
Q

This joint has surfaces that resemble an English saddle. It permits all types of movement except rotation

A

saddle joint

52
Q

This joint are between the mandible and the temporal bone of the skull consists of an articular surface on the skull and
one on the mandible, with a plate of cartilage (articular disk or meniscus) between.

A

temporomandibular joint

53
Q

The temporomandibular joint acts as a what type of joint?
when the mouth opens

A

ginglymus joint

54
Q

The temporomandibular joint acts as a ginglymus joint
when the mouth opens and closes and as a what type of joint? when the jaw moves from side to side and forward and back, as in grinding food.

A

plane joint

55
Q

temporomandibular joint may be described as what type of joint?

A

condylar joint.

56
Q

What do you call a joint between the occipital bone of the skull and fi rst cervical vertebra (the atlas) is strictly a ginglymus joint

A

atlanto-occipital joint

57
Q

The only movements possible of atlanto-occipital joint are flexion and extension in the sagittal plane, as in nodding the
head ( what movement: yes or no? )

A

yes

58
Q

Rotation of the head occurs between the atlas and axis, at the what joint?

A

atlantoaxial joint

59
Q

atlantoaxial joint is the best example of what joint? , in which one segment rotates around the long axis of
another.

A

trochoid (pivot) joint

60
Q

Joints between adjacent vertebrae throughout the rest of the vertebral column exhibit relatively little motion.

A

symphyseal (fibrocartilaginous) joints

61
Q

The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are united by a heavy disk of fibrocartilage, called the ?, that is flexible enough to permit some bending in any direction, even twisting.

A

intervertebral disk (IVD)

62
Q

the soft center of the intervertebral disk is called the?

A

nucleus pulposus

63
Q

This intervertebral disk has a soft center, the nucleus pulposus, which may abnormally protrude through the surrounding ? into the vertebral canal

A

annulus fibrosus

64
Q

The heads of the paired ribs on each side of an intervertebral
space are joined by what ligament ? , which forms a reinforcing band across the dorsal side of the intervertebral disk

A

intercapital ligament

65
Q

The scapula has no true bony connection with the thorax. It is held in place by a number of muscles and ligaments. This type of joint is sometimes called?

A

synsarcosis

66
Q

This joint is spheroid. Movements in all directions, including rotation, are possible.

A

shoulder (scapulohumeral) joint

67
Q

This joint is a true ginglymus joint formed by the humeral condyle meeting the proximal ends of the radius and ulna.

A

elbow joint

68
Q

This joint is a complex joint that permits fl exion and extension not only between the radius and proximal row of
carpal bones (radiocarpal joint), but also to a lesser degree between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones (midcarpal joint).

A

carpus joint

69
Q

The joint between the distal row of carpal bones and the metacarpus (carpometacarpal joint) is almost entirely a what type of joint? , which allows only limited gliding movements
and makes almost no contribution to the degree to which the entire carpus can flex

A

plane joint

70
Q

The fibrous layer of the joint capsule of the carpus is extensive, being a long sleeve extending from the radius to the metacarpus and enclosing the carpal bones. The synovial membrane, however, forms three separate sacs:

A
  • radiocarpal sac
  • midcarpal sac
  • carpometacarpal sac
71
Q

Thisjoint is formed by the distal end of the metacarpus; the proximal end of the first phalanx, or long pastern bone; and the two proximal sesamoid bones. It is a ginglymus joint that in the normal standing position is hyperextended

A

metacarpophalangeal (fetlock) joint

72
Q

This joint is a ginglymus joint between the first and second phalanges

A

proximal interphalangeal (pastern) joint

73
Q

What is a specific condition that occurs when there are degenerative changes in the proximal interphalangeal (pastern)joint

A

High ringbone

74
Q

is formed by the second and third phalanges and the distal sesamoid (navicular) bone. The coffin joint is largely encased within the hoof and is essentially a ginglymus joint.

A

distal interphalangeal joint (coffin joint)

75
Q

Degenerative joint disease in this distal interphalangeal joint (coffin joint) is commonly referred to as?

A

low ringbone

76
Q

This joint is the only bony connection between the axial and appendicular skeletons. In the young animal, this joint exhibits features of both synchondroses and synovial
joints, although its mobility is progressively diminished in the adult.

A

sacroiliac joint

77
Q

Ligaments in the sacroiliac joint include?

A

dorsal and ventral sacroiliac and sacrotuberous ligaments

78
Q

This joint is the best example of a spheroid (ball and socket) joint. The head of the femur is about two-thirds of a sphere that fits into the less extensive acetabulum of the os coxae. The margin of the acetabulum is reinforced and deepened by a marginal cartilage.

A

coxofemoral (hip) joint

79
Q

The joint capsule of what joint? is extensive, but not so extensive as that of the shoulder joint

A

hip joint

80
Q

What ligaments of the femur connects the head of the femur with a nonarticular area within the acetabulum.

A

The ligament of the femoral head (formerly round ligament)

81
Q

What joint corresponds to the human knee. It comprises the
condyles of the distal femur, the patella, and the proximal tibia.

A

stifle joint

82
Q

The femoral condyles are separated from the proximal tibia by two intra-articular?

A

menisci

83
Q

This joint is stabilized by medial and lateral collateral ligaments and by two intra-capsular cruciate ligaments that form an X as they cross from the tibia to the femur in the middle of the joint.

A

stifle joint

84
Q

This sesamoid bone embedded in the tendon of insertion of the large cranial muscles of the thigh.

A

patella (kneecap)

85
Q

This joint like the carpus, is a composite joint. The ginglymus portion is formed between the distal end of the tibia and the talus.

A

tarsus (hock) joint

86
Q

The calcaneus projects proximad and caudad to form a lever for attachment of what tendon?, which is the common insertional tendon of the extensor muscles of the hock.

A

common calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon)

VANA 101 (34 decks)

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