CANINE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Question 1

Identify the main components of the canine digestive system.

Answer 1

Oral cavity, pharynx, alimentary canal, accessory organs.

Question 2

Enumerate the portions of the alimentary canal.

Answer 2

Esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), large intestine (caecum, colon, rectum).

Question 3

List the accessory digestive organs.

Answer 3

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver and gall bladder, pancreas, paranal sinus.

Question 4

Identify the functions of the mouth.

Answer 4

Prehension and mastication, provides an alternate or supplemental airway, facilitates intra- and interspecific communication, defense, and vocalization.

Question 5

Enumerate the form characteristics of the mouth.

Answer 5

Wide gape, elongated in all but brachycephalic breeds, allows rapid consumption of large pieces of food without extensive mastication.

Question 6

Identify the boundaries of the oral cavity.

Answer 6

Lips to the pharynx, bounded laterally by the cheeks.

Question 7

Enumerate the divisions of the oral cavity.

Answer 7

Vestibule, oral cavity proper.

Question 8

List the contents of the oral cavity.

Answer 8

Salivary glands, teeth, tongue.

Question 9

Identify the boundaries of the oral vestibule.

Answer 9

External to the teeth and gums, internal to the lips and cheeks.

Question 10

Enumerate the specific areas within the oral vestibule.

Answer 10

Labial vestibule, buccal vestibule.

Question 11

List the associated structures of the vestibule.

Answer 11

Parotid and zygomatic salivary ducts, parotid papilla, zygomatic gland duct.

Question 12

Identify the boundaries of the oral cavity proper.

Answer 12

Dorsally by the hard and small part of the soft palate, ventrally by the tongue and reflected mucosa, laterally and rostrally by the dental arches and teeth, caudally by the palatoglossal arches.

Question 13

Enumerate the structures found in the oral cavity proper.

Answer 13

Teeth, tongue, openings of certain salivary glands, sublingual caruncles, sublingual fold, incisive papilla, interdental spaces.

Question 14

Identify the parts of the palate.

Answer 14

Hard palate, soft palate.

Question 15

Enumerate the structures associated with the palate.

Answer 15

Palatine ridges, palatopharyngeal arch, palatoglossal arch.

Question 16

List the palatine vessels and nerves.

Answer 16

Major palatine arteries, minor palatine arteries, ascending pharyngeal artery, palatine plexus of veins, maxillary from trigeminal nerve, major palatine and minor palatine nerves, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves.

Question 17

Identify the parts of a tooth.

Answer 17

Crown, root, neck.

Question 18

Enumerate the types of teeth.

Answer 18

Incisor, canine, premolar, molar.

Question 19

List the surfaces of a tooth.

Answer 19

Lingual surface, vestibular surface (labial/buccal), contact surface (distal and mesial), occlusal surface.

Question 20

Identify the components of the periodontium.

Answer 20

Cementum on the root, alveolar bone of the socket, periodontal ligament.

Question 21

Identify the parts of the tongue.

Answer 21

Root, body, apex.

Question 22

Enumerate the functions of the tongue.

Answer 22

Prehension, movement of ingesta, heat dissipation.

Question 23

List the types of lingual papillae.

Answer 23

Filiform, fungiform, vallate (circumvallate), foliate, conical, lenticular, marginal.

Question 24

Identify the innervations of the tongue.

Answer 24

Taste – facial nerve, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves; sensation – lingual branch of the mandibular nerve; motor – hypoglossal nerve.

Question 25

Identify the major salivary glands.

Answer 25

Parotid, mandibular, monostomatic and polystomatic sublingual, zygomatic glands.

Question 26

Enumerate the minor salivary glands.

Answer 26

Labial, buccal, molar, lingual, palatine.

Question 27

Identify the functions of saliva.

Answer 27

Moistens the mouth, lubricates to facilitate chewing and swallowing, may have enzymes to start digestion, secretion controlled by innervation, secretion depressed by anxiety, fear, or dehydration, secretion increased by the introduction of food into the mouth.

Question 28

Identify the general layers of the alimentary canal.

Answer 28

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa/adventitia.

Question 29

Enumerate the main functions of the digestive system.

Answer 29

Ingestion, propulsion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, defecation.

Question 30

Identify the main parts of the esophagus.

Answer 30

Cervical part, thoracic part, abdominal part.

Question 31

Enumerate the layers of the esophageal wall.

Answer 31

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia.

Question 32

Identify the regions of the stomach.

Answer 32

Cardia, fundus, body, pyloric part.

Question 33

Enumerate the functions of the stomach.

Answer 33

Storage of food, mixing and mechanical breakdown, chemical digestion of proteins, secretion of digestive enzymes and gastric juice.

Question 34

List the layers of the stomach wall.

Answer 34

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa.

Question 35

Identify the sections of the small intestine.

Answer 35

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum.

Question 36

Enumerate the functions of the small intestine.

Answer 36

Digestion of food, absorption of nutrients, secretion of digestive enzymes and hormones.

Question 37

Identify the parts of the large intestine.

Answer 37

Cecum, colon (ascending, transverse, descending), rectum.

Question 38

Enumerate the functions of the large intestine.

Answer 38

Absorption of water and electrolytes, formation and storage of feces, microbial fermentation of undigested material.

Question 39

Identify the functions of the liver.

Answer 39

Metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, detoxification, bile production, storage of vitamins and minerals.

Question 40

Enumerate the parts of the gall bladder.

Answer 40

Fundus, body, neck.

Question 41

List the components of bile.

Answer 41

salts, cholesterol, bilirubin, electrolytes, water.

Question 42

Identify the parts of the pancreas.

Answer 42

Head, body, tail.

Question 43

Enumerate the functions of the pancreas.

Answer 43

Production of digestive enzymes, secretion of bicarbonate, endocrine functions (insulin and glucagon production).

Question 44

Identify the parts of the peritoneum.

Answer 44

Parietal peritoneum, visceral peritoneum, mesentery.

Question 45

Enumerate the functions of the peritoneum.

Answer 45

Supports abdominal organs, provides a conduit for blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves, secretes serous fluid for lubrication.