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VANA 101 > SENSE ORGAN THE EYES > Flashcards

SENSE ORGAN THE EYES Flashcards

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1
Q

What surrounds and cushions the eye?

A

Periorbital fascia and fat

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2
Q

What protects the eye and keeps its surface moist?

A

Eyelids and conjunctivae

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3
Q

What keeps the eye’s surface moist and provides the first barrier to infection?

A

Lacrimal apparatus

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4
Q

What cells form the myelin of the optic nerve?

A

Oligodendroglial cells

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5
Q

What is the homologous structure of the vascular and fibrous tunics surrounding the optic nerve?

A

Meninges

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6
Q

What is the space within the optic nerve continuous with the brain’s subarachnoid space called?

A

Intervaginal space

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7
Q

What are the layers of the fibrous tunic?

A

Collagenous and elastic tissue, fibrocytes

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8
Q

What percentage of the eye’s surface does the sclera cover?

A

75%

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9
Q

What is the transparent part of the fibrous tunic called?

A

Cornea

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10
Q

What percentage of the fibrous tunic does the cornea cover?

A

25%

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11
Q

What is the border between the sclera and cornea known as?

A

Limbus corneae

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12
Q

What is the alternate name for the vascular tunic?

A

Uvea

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13
Q

What is the function of the choroid’s tapetum lucidum?

A

Increases light intensity under low-light situations

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14
Q

Which part of the vascular tunic suspends the lens?

A

Ciliary body

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15
Q

Which muscles originate on the sclera and attach to the ciliary body?

A

Ciliary muscles

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16
Q

What is the border between the sclera and cornea known as?

A

Limbus corneae

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17
Q

What is the alternate name for the vascular tunic?

A

Uvea

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18
Q

What is the function of the choroid’s tapetum lucidum?

A

Increases light intensity under low-light situations

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19
Q

Which part of the vascular tunic suspends the lens?

A

Ciliary body

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20
Q

Which muscles originate on the sclera and attach to the ciliary body?

A

Ciliary muscles

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21
Q

What structure is responsible for eye coloration?

A

Melanin granules in the iris

22
Q

What is the central opening in the iris called?

A

Pupil

23
Q

What type of cells are found in the photoreceptor layer of the retina?

A

Rods and cones

24
Q

What is the blind spot in the retina called?

A

Optic disc

25
Q

What is the depression in the anterior surface of the vitreous body that holds the lens?

A

Hyaloid fossa

26
Q

What is the primary function of the lens?

A

Brings images into focus on the retina

27
Q

What fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye?

A

Aqueous humor

28
Q

What fills approximately 80% of the globe’s volume?

A

Vitreous body

29
Q

What are the three main parts of the adnexa of the eye?

A

Conjunctiva, eyelids, lacrimal apparatus

30
Q

What are the two types of conjunctiva?

A

Palpebral conjunctiva, bulbar conjunctiva

31
Q

Which part of the eyelid is more mobile and larger?

A

Upper eyelid

32
Q

What are the glands found in the follicles of the eyelashes called?

A

Sebaceous glands

33
Q

What anchors the lateral commissure of the eyelids to the zygomatic arch?

A

Lateral palpebral ligament

34
Q

What is the fold of tissue in the ventromedial region of the medial canthus called?

A

Third eyelid (nictitating membrane)

35
Q

What is the function of the lacrimal apparatus?

A

Production, dispersion, and disposal of tears

36
Q

What gland surrounds the base of the cartilage plate in the third eyelid?

A

Superficial gland of the third eyelid

37
Q

What are the three layers of the tear film?

A

Oily layer, aqueous layer, mucous layer

38
Q

What is the primary muscle that raises the upper eyelid?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

39
Q

Which nerve innervates the orbicularis oculi muscle?

A

Facial nerve

40
Q

Which nerve innervates the superior and inferior tarsal muscles?

A

Sympathetic fibers

41
Q

What are the three types of muscles in the eye?

A

Intraocular, extraocular, palpebral

42
Q

Which muscle rotates the globe upward?

A

Dorsal rectus

43
Q

Which muscle rotates the globe downward?

A

Ventral rectus

44
Q

Which muscle rotates the globe downward?

A

Ventral rectus

45
Q

Which muscle rotates the globe medially?

A

Medial rectus

46
Q

Which muscle rotates the globe laterally?

A

Lateral rectus

47
Q

Which nerve innervates the dorsal oblique muscle?

A

Trochlear nerve

48
Q

Which muscle withdraws the globe deeper into the orbit?

A

Retractor bulbi/oculi

49
Q

Which nerve innervates the levator palpebrae superioris muscle?

A

Oculomotor nerve

50
Q

What is ptosis a result of?

A

Drooping of the upper eyelid

VANA 101 (34 decks)

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