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VANA 101 > ARTERIAL SYSTEM OF THE DOG > Flashcards

ARTERIAL SYSTEM OF THE DOG Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body?

A

Aorta

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2
Q

Name the main parts of the aorta.

A
  • Thoracic aorta
  • Abdominal aorta
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3
Q

What does the ascending aorta arise from?

A

Left ventricle

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4
Q

What does the ascending aorta end by becoming?

A

Aortic arch

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5
Q

What are the branches of the ascending aorta?

A

Right coronary, Left coronary

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6
Q

When does the aortic arch begin?

A

After origin of coronary arteries

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7
Q

When does the aortic arch end?

A

When vessel comes into contact with vertebral column

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8
Q

What are the branches of the aortic arch?

A

Brachiocephalic, Left subclavian

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9
Q

What does the descending aorta arise as a continuation of?

A

Aortic arch

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10
Q

What does the descending aorta end by becoming?

A

Abdominal aorta at aortic hiatus

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11
Q

What are the branches of the descending aorta?

A

9 or 10 Intercostals, 2 or 3 Bronchials, 2 or 3 Esophageals

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12
Q

What does the abdominal aorta arise as a continuation of?

A

Thoracic aorta at aortic hiatus

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13
Q

Where does the abdominal aorta end by dividing?

A

At the 7th lumbar vertebra

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14
Q

What does the abdominal aorta divide into?

A

Two external iliacs, two internal iliacs, middle sacral

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15
Q

What are the branches of the abdominal aorta?

A
  • 3-7 Lumbars
  • Celiac
  • Cranial mesenteric
  • Common trunk (Phrenico-abdominal)
  • Renals
    Testicular/ovarian
  • Caudal mesenteric
  • Deep circumflex iliacs
  • External iliacs
  • Internal iliacs (Hypogastrics)
  • Middle sacral
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16
Q

ARTERIES TO THE HEAD:

A
  • Brachiocephalic Trunk
  • Common Carotid
  • External Carotid
  • Maxillary
  • Internal Carotid
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17
Q

From where does the brachiocephalic trunk arise?

A

Aortic arch in median plane

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18
Q

where does the brachiocephalic trunk pass?

A

Thoracic inlet ventral to trachea

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19
Q

Into what does the brachiocephalic trunk divide?

A

Right subclavian and right common carotid

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20
Q

What are the branches of the brachiocephalic trunk?

A

Left common carotid, right subclavian, right common carotid

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21
Q

From where do the common carotids arise?

A

Brachiocephalic

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22
Q

Where does the right common carotid lie?

A

trachea

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23
Q

Where does the left common carotid lie?

A

esophagus

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24
Q

Where do the common carotids end?

A

Under wing of atlas

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25
Q

What are the branches of the common carotid?

A

Thyroids (cranial and caudal), internal carotid, external carotid

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26
Q

From where does the external carotid arise?

A

Direct continuation of common carotid

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27
Q

Into what does the external carotid divide?

A

Superficial temporal and internal maxillary

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28
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid?

A

Occipital, cranial laryngeal, lingual, facial, caudal auricular, parotid, superficial temporal, maxillary

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29
Q

What branch is associated with the mandibular region of the maxillary artery?

A

Inferior alveolar

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30
Q

Where does the pterygoid region of the maxillary artery enter?

A

Caudal alar foramen

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31
Q

What branch is associated with the pterygopalatine region of the maxillary artery?

A

External ophthalmic

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32
Q

Into what does the maxillary artery terminate?

A

Infraorbital, common trunk (sphenopalatine artery, major palatine)

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33
Q

From where does the internal carotid arise?

A

Common carotid

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34
Q

Behind which muscle does the internal carotid arise?

A

Occipitomandibular muscle

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35
Q

Through which foramen does the internal carotid pass to the carotid canal?

A

Foramen lacerum

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36
Q

What are the branches of the internal carotid?

A

Rostral cerebral, caudal communicating arteries

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37
Q

What forms the arterial circle of the brain?

A

Basilar artery, internal carotid artery

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38
Q

What are the branches of the rostral cerebral artery?

A

Internal ophthalmic, internal ethmoid

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39
Q

What is the largest vessel supplying the brain?

A

Middle cerebral artery

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40
Q

From where does the caudal cerebral artery arise?

A

Basilar artery

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41
Q

What are the arteries supplying the cerebellum?

A

Rostral cerebellar artery, caudal cerebellar artery

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42
Q

ARTERIES OF THE THORACIC WALL AND THORACIC LIMB:

A
  • Subclavian artery
  • Internal thoracic artery
  • Superficial cervical artery
  • Axillary artery
  • Brachial artery
  • Median artery
  • Arteries of the manus (hand)
  • Arteries of the metacarpal region
  • Arteries of the digital region
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43
Q

Where does the left subclavian artery arise from?

A

Aortic arch

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44
Q

Where does the right subclavian artery arise from?

A

Brachiocephalic

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45
Q

Where does the subclavian artery end?

A

At the level of the first rib (becomes axillary)

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46
Q

Name the primary branch of the subclavian artery that supplies the brain.

A

Vertebral

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47
Q

List the branches of the subclavian artery.

A

Vertebral, Costo-cervical trunk, Internal thoracic, Superficial cervical, Axillary

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48
Q

Where does the internal thoracic artery arise from?

A

Subclavian artery

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49
Q

What are the terminal branches of the internal thoracic artery?

A

Musculo-phrenic, Cranial epigastric

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50
Q

List the branches of the internal thoracic artery.

A

Pericardiophrenic, Thymic rami, Bronchial rami, Mediastinal rami, Perforating branches, Ventral intercostals branches, Musculo-phrenic, Cranial epigastric

51
Q

Name a branch of the superficial cervical artery.

A

Suprascapular artery, Supraspinous artery, Deltoid branch, Ascending cervical artery, Prescapular

52
Q

List the branches of the axillary artery.

A

External thoracic artery, Lateral thoracic artery, Subscapular artery, Cranial circumflex humeral artery

53
Q

Name the branches of the subscapular artery.

A

Thoracodorsal artery, Caudal circumflex humeral artery

54
Q

List the branches of the brachial artery.

A

Deep brachial, Bicipital artery, Collateral ulnar, Superficial brachial artery, Transverse cubital artery, Common interosseous artery

55
Q

Name the branches of the common interosseous artery.

A

Ulnar, Caudal interosseous, Cranial interosseous

56
Q

List the branches of the median artery.

A

Radial, Deep antebrachial

57
Q

Name the two general regions of the arteries of the manus.

A

Metacarpal region, Digital region

58
Q

What are the surfaces of the metacarpal region?

A

Dorsal, Palmar

59
Q

What are the depths of the arteries in the metacarpal region?

A

Superficial, Deep

60
Q

Name the types of arteries in the digital region.

A

Dorsal proper digital arteries, Palmar proper digital arteries

61
Q

Name the arteries on the dorsal surface of the metacarpal region.

A

Dorsal common digital arteries (I-IV), Dorsal metacarpal arteries (I-IV)

62
Q

Name the arteries on the palmar surface of the metacarpal region.

A

Palmar common digital arteries (I-IV), Palmar metacarpal arteries (I-IV)

63
Q

BRANCHES OF ABDOMINAL AORTA:

A
  • Celiac artery
  • Cranial mesenteric artery
  • Caudal mesenteric artery
64
Q

Where does the celiac artery arise from?

A

Abdominal aorta between lumbar parts of the diaphragm

65
Q

Into what three trunks does the celiac artery divide?

A
  • Left gastric
  • Splenic
  • Hepatic
66
Q

What are the branches of the splenic artery?

A
  • Short gastric
  • Left gastroepiploic
67
Q

Name the branches of the hepatic artery.

A
  • 3-5 proper hepatics
  • Right gastric
  • Gastro-duodenal
68
Q

What is the terminal branch of the hepatic artery?

A

Gastro-duodenal

69
Q

Into what branches does the gastro-duodenal artery divide?

A
  • Right gastro-epiploic
  • Cranial pancreatico-duodenal
70
Q

Where does the cranial mesenteric artery arise from?

A

Abdominal aorta at L1 or L2 (root of mesentery)

71
Q

What are the main branches of the cranial mesenteric artery?

A
  • Ileocolic (ileo-ceco-colic)
  • Middle colic artery
  • Cranial pancreaticoduodenal artery
  • Jejunal arteries
  • Ileal artery
72
Q

Where does the caudal mesenteric artery arise from?

A

Abdominal aorta opposite the 5th or 6th lumbar vertebra

73
Q

Into what branches does the caudal mesenteric artery divide?

A
  • Left colic
  • Cranial rectal (Cranial hemorrhoidal)
74
Q

What are the branches of the phrenicoabdominal trunk?

A
  • Caudal phrenic arteries
  • Cranial abdominal arteries
75
Q

Which arteries are associated with the renal branches?

A

Adrenal (suprarenal) – cranial and caudal

76
Q

What is another name for the cranial rectal artery?

A

Cranial hemorrhoidal

77
Q

ARTERIES OF THE PELVIC LIMB:

A
  • External Iliac artery
  • Femoral artery
  • Arteries of the Crus
  • Arteries of the Pes
78
Q

What is the terminal branch of the abdominal aorta at the level of the 6th lumbar vertebra?

A

External iliac artery

79
Q

What artery becomes the femoral artery at the level of the pectin of the pubis?

A

External iliac artery

80
Q

What are the branches of the external iliac artery?

A

Pudendo-epigastric trunk, deep femoral artery, caudal abdominal artery, cremasteric artery

81
Q

What trunk arises from the external iliac artery?

A

Pudendo-epigastric trunk

82
Q

What are the divisions of the pudendo-epigastric trunk?

A

Caudal epigastric artery, external pudendal artery, caudal superficial epigastric artery

83
Q

What artery branches from the deep femoral artery?

A

Medial circumflex femoral artery

84
Q

What artery is a continuation of the external iliac artery in the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral artery

85
Q

What artery becomes the popliteal artery between the heads of the gastrocnemius?

A

Femoral artery

86
Q

What are the branches of the femoral artery?

A

Superficial circumflex iliac artery, lateral circumflex femoral (cranial femoral) artery, proximal caudal femoral artery, saphenous artery, descending genicular artery, middle caudal femoral artery, distal caudal femoral artery, popliteal artery

87
Q

What arteries does the popliteal artery terminate into?

A

Cranial tibial artery, caudal tibial artery

88
Q

What are the arteries of the crus?

A

Cranial tibial artery, caudal tibial artery

89
Q

What artery at the tarsus is a continuation of the cranial tibial artery?

A

Dorsal pedal artery

90
Q

What are the branches of the dorsal pedal artery?

A

Medial tarsal artery, lateral tarsal artery, arcuate artery

91
Q

What arteries are found at the digits?

A

Dorsal common digital arteries, dorsal metatarsal arteries, plantar common digital arteries, plantar metatarsal arteries, dorsal proper digital arteries, plantar proper digital arteries, medial plantar artery, lateral plantar artery

92
Q

TERMINAL BRANCH OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA:

A
  • Internal Iliac
  • Median Sacral
  • Arteries to the Tail
93
Q

What artery arises as the terminal branch of the abdominal aorta?

A

Internal Iliac

94
Q

What artery does the internal iliac end as?

A

Divides into visceral and parietal trunks

95
Q

Which artery sends a branch to the bladder as the cranial vesical artery?

A

Umbilical

96
Q

Name the arteries branching from the internal pudendal.

A

Prostatic/vaginal, Caudal vesical, Artery of the ductus deferens/uterine, Urethral, Caudal rectal, Ventral perineal, Artery of the penis/clitoris

97
Q

Which artery is the visceral trunk of the internal iliac?

A

Internal Pudendal

98
Q

What are the branches of the caudal gluteal artery?

A

Iliolumbar, Cranial gluteal, Lateral caudal, Dorsal perineal

99
Q

From where does the median sacral artery arise?

A

Terminal aorta in the angle formed by the two internal iliacs

100
Q

How does the median sacral artery end?

A

By traversing the mid-ventral line of the sacrum into the tail

101
Q

What is the direct continuation of the median sacral artery?

A

Median caudal artery

102
Q

Name the segmental arteries that are collectively known as the ventrolateral caudal artery.

A

Dorsal and ventral lateral caudal arteries

103
Q

From which artery do the lateral caudal arteries arise?

A

Cranial gluteal artery

104
Q

What is the direct continuation of the median sacral artery?

A

Median caudal artery

105
Q

Name the arteries that supply the tail.

A

Lateral caudal arteries, Median caudal artery, Ventral caudal artery, Dorsolateral caudal artery, Ventrolateral caudal artery, Caudal branch of 7th lumbar artery

106
Q

VENOUS SYSTEM OF THE DOG:

A
  • Cranial Vena Cava
  • Azygos Vein
  • Caudal Vena Cava
  • Portal Vein
107
Q

What does the cranial vena cava drain into?

A

Right atrium

108
Q

Which vein is formed from the confluence of the subclavian and external jugular veins?

A

Brachiocephalic

109
Q

What veins form the external jugular vein?

A

Linguofacial and maxillary veins

110
Q

From which lumbar veins does the azygos vein arise?

A

1st and 2nd lumbar veins

111
Q

At which vertebra does the azygos vein open into the cranial vena cava?

A

6th thoracic vertebra

112
Q

Name all tributary of the azygos vein.

A

Dorsal intercostal veins, hemiazygos vein, esophageal vein, bronchial vein

113
Q

Name all tributaries of the caudal vena cava.

A

Common iliac veins, lumbar veins, deep circumflex iliac veins, internal spermatic veins, renal veins, phrenico-abdominal veins, hepatic veins, phrenic veins

114
Q

What does the portal vein drain into?

A

Porta of the liver

115
Q

What veins form the portal vein?

A

Splenic vein, gastric veins, cranial mesenteric vein, caudal mesenteric vein

116
Q

Name all tributary of the portal vein.

A

Pancreatic veins, gastro-duodenal vein

117
Q

VEINS OF THE THORACIC AND PELVIC LIMB:

A
  • Superficial Veins of the Thoracic Limb
  • Superficial Veins of the Pelvic Limb
118
Q

What vein runs along the dorsal side of the paw?

A

Dorsal Common Digital Veins

119
Q

Which vein is found in the elbow region?

A

Median Cubital Vein

120
Q

What vein is located near the axilla and brachial region?

A

Axillobrachial Vein

121
Q

What is the vein that runs along the front of the forelimb?

A

Cephalic Vein

122
Q

Which vein is positioned near the shoulder and upper arm area?

A

Omobrachial Vein

123
Q

What vein runs along the inner side of the hind limb?

A

Medial Saphenous Vein

124
Q

What vein is located on the outer side of the hind limb?

A

Lateral Saphenous Vein

VANA 101 (26 decks)

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