ARTERIAL SYSTEM OF THE DOG Flashcards
What is the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body?
Aorta
Name the main parts of the aorta.
- Thoracic aorta
- Abdominal aorta
What does the ascending aorta arise from?
Left ventricle
What does the ascending aorta end by becoming?
Aortic arch
What are the branches of the ascending aorta?
Right coronary, Left coronary
When does the aortic arch begin?
After origin of coronary arteries
When does the aortic arch end?
When vessel comes into contact with vertebral column
What are the branches of the aortic arch?
Brachiocephalic, Left subclavian
What does the descending aorta arise as a continuation of?
Aortic arch
What does the descending aorta end by becoming?
Abdominal aorta at aortic hiatus
What are the branches of the descending aorta?
9 or 10 Intercostals, 2 or 3 Bronchials, 2 or 3 Esophageals
What does the abdominal aorta arise as a continuation of?
Thoracic aorta at aortic hiatus
Where does the abdominal aorta end by dividing?
At the 7th lumbar vertebra
What does the abdominal aorta divide into?
Two external iliacs, two internal iliacs, middle sacral
What are the branches of the abdominal aorta?
- 3-7 Lumbars
- Celiac
- Cranial mesenteric
- Common trunk (Phrenico-abdominal)
- Renals
Testicular/ovarian - Caudal mesenteric
- Deep circumflex iliacs
- External iliacs
- Internal iliacs (Hypogastrics)
- Middle sacral
ARTERIES TO THE HEAD:
- Brachiocephalic Trunk
- Common Carotid
- External Carotid
- Maxillary
- Internal Carotid
From where does the brachiocephalic trunk arise?
Aortic arch in median plane
where does the brachiocephalic trunk pass?
Thoracic inlet ventral to trachea
Into what does the brachiocephalic trunk divide?
Right subclavian and right common carotid
What are the branches of the brachiocephalic trunk?
Left common carotid, right subclavian, right common carotid
From where do the common carotids arise?
Brachiocephalic
Where does the right common carotid lie?
trachea
Where does the left common carotid lie?
esophagus
Where do the common carotids end?
Under wing of atlas
What are the branches of the common carotid?
Thyroids (cranial and caudal), internal carotid, external carotid
From where does the external carotid arise?
Direct continuation of common carotid
Into what does the external carotid divide?
Superficial temporal and internal maxillary
What are the branches of the external carotid?
Occipital, cranial laryngeal, lingual, facial, caudal auricular, parotid, superficial temporal, maxillary
What branch is associated with the mandibular region of the maxillary artery?
Inferior alveolar
Where does the pterygoid region of the maxillary artery enter?
Caudal alar foramen
What branch is associated with the pterygopalatine region of the maxillary artery?
External ophthalmic
Into what does the maxillary artery terminate?
Infraorbital, common trunk (sphenopalatine artery, major palatine)
From where does the internal carotid arise?
Common carotid
Behind which muscle does the internal carotid arise?
Occipitomandibular muscle
Through which foramen does the internal carotid pass to the carotid canal?
Foramen lacerum
What are the branches of the internal carotid?
Rostral cerebral, caudal communicating arteries
What forms the arterial circle of the brain?
Basilar artery, internal carotid artery
What are the branches of the rostral cerebral artery?
Internal ophthalmic, internal ethmoid
What is the largest vessel supplying the brain?
Middle cerebral artery
From where does the caudal cerebral artery arise?
Basilar artery
What are the arteries supplying the cerebellum?
Rostral cerebellar artery, caudal cerebellar artery
ARTERIES OF THE THORACIC WALL AND THORACIC LIMB:
- Subclavian artery
- Internal thoracic artery
- Superficial cervical artery
- Axillary artery
- Brachial artery
- Median artery
- Arteries of the manus (hand)
- Arteries of the metacarpal region
- Arteries of the digital region
Where does the left subclavian artery arise from?
Aortic arch
Where does the right subclavian artery arise from?
Brachiocephalic
Where does the subclavian artery end?
At the level of the first rib (becomes axillary)
Name the primary branch of the subclavian artery that supplies the brain.
Vertebral
List the branches of the subclavian artery.
Vertebral, Costo-cervical trunk, Internal thoracic, Superficial cervical, Axillary
Where does the internal thoracic artery arise from?
Subclavian artery
What are the terminal branches of the internal thoracic artery?
Musculo-phrenic, Cranial epigastric