Antibiotics - Gentamicin

Question 1

What drug class does Gentamicin belong to?

A) Penicillin
B) Aminoglycoside
C) Cephalosporin
D) Macrolide
E) Tetracycline

Answer 1

B) Aminoglycoside

Question 2

What is the typical dose range of Gentamicin for adults?

A) 2 mg/kg (IBW)
B) 5 mg/kg (IBW)
C) 120 mg
D) 500 mg
E) 100 mg

Answer 2

B) 5 mg/kg (IBW)

-Adult: 5mg/kg (IBW) 120 mg seems to always be given though?

Question 3

For pediatric patients, what is the dosing range of Gentamicin?

A) 1 mg/kg (IBW)
B) 2 mg/kg (IBW)
C) 2.5 mg/kg (IBW)
D) 5 mg/kg (IBW)
E) 10 mg/kg (IBW)

Answer 3

C) 2.5 mg/kg (IBW)

Question 4

What is the maximum dose of Gentamicin per dose for pediatric patients?

A) 50 mg
B) 75 mg
C) 100 mg
D) 150 mg
E) 200 mg

Answer 4

C) 100 mg

Question 5

Gentamicin is effective primarily against which type of bacteria?

A) Gram-positive bacteria
B) Gram-negative bacteria
C) Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria equally
D) Anaerobic bacteria
E) Fungi

Answer 5

B) Gram-negative bacteria

Question 6

What is the primary mechanism of action of Gentamicin?

A) Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis
B) Inhibition of protein synthesis
C) Disruption of nucleic acid synthesis
D) Alteration of membrane permeability
E) Inhibition of folic acid synthesis

Answer 6

B) Inhibition of protein synthesis

MOA: Gram (-); Inhibition of protein synthesis via 30s subunit of ribosome of bacteria; cause mRNA to misread

Question 7

Which bacterial ribosomal subunit does Gentamicin target?

A) 50S subunit
B) 30S subunit
C) 70S subunit
D) 80S subunit
E) 60S subunit

Answer 7

B) 30S subunit

MOA: Gram (-); Inhibition of protein synthesis via 30s subunit of ribosome of bacteria; cause mRNA to misread

Question 8

When should Gentamicin be administered relative to the surgical incision?

A) 15 minutes before incision
B) 30 minutes before incision
C) 1 hour before incision
D) After incision
E) At the end of the procedure

Answer 8

B) 30 minutes before incision

Question 9

What is the dosing strategy for Gentamicin for a surgical procedure?

A) Redose every 4 hours
B) Redose every 6 hours
C) Single dose only
D) Redose every 2 hours
E) Redose every 8 hours

Answer 9

C) Single dose only

Question 10

What is the typical half-life of Gentamicin?

A) 1-2 hours
B) 2-3 hours
C) 4-6 hours
D) 6-8 hours
E) 10-12 hours

Answer 10

B) 2-3 hours

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the elimination of Gentamicin is true?

A) Gentamicin is extensively metabolized in the liver before excretion
B) Gentamicin is a polar compound that is not metabolized
C) Gentamicin is eliminated primarily through bile
D) Gentamicin undergoes significant metabolism before being excreted
E) Gentamicin is excreted unchanged in the urine

Answer 11

B) Gentamicin is a polar compound that is not metabolized
E) Gentamicin is excreted unchanged in the urine

Elimination: Polar compound excreted by kidneys without metabolism.

Question 12

In which clinical scenario is Gentamicin typically used as an alternative regimen?

A) When Penicillin (PCN) allergy is present and Cefazolin cannot be administered
B) When the patient has a history of liver disease
C) When treating viral infections
D) As a first-line treatment for uncomplicated UTIs
E) For patients with diabetes mellitus only

Answer 12

A) When Penicillin (PCN) allergy is present and Cefazolin cannot be administered

Question 13

When Gentamicin is used as an alternative regimen due to Penicillin allergy, it is usually administered in conjunction with which antibiotic?

A) Vancomycin
B) Clindamycin
C) Metronidazole
D) Amoxicillin
E) Tetracycline

Answer 13

B) Clindamycin

Question 15

For what type of surgical procedure is Gentamicin often used in combination with Clindamycin as an alternative to Cefazolin?

A) Orthopedic surgery
B) Gastrointestinal surgery
C) C-section (Cesarean section)
D) Cardiothoracic surgery
E) Dermatologic surgery

Answer 15

C) C-section (Cesarean section)

Question 16

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of Gentamicin?

A) Hypersensitivity to Aminoglycosides
B) Recent history of upper respiratory infection
C) Known history of hypertension
D) Allergic reaction to Penicillin
E) Chronic fatigue syndrome

Answer 16

A) Hypersensitivity to Aminoglycosides

Question 17

In a clean surgical procedure, what is the guideline regarding antibiotic administration post-operatively?

A) Continue antibiotics for 48 hours post-operatively
B) Administer antibiotics as needed for infection
C) No antibiotics required post-operatively
D) Administer antibiotics for 24 hours post-operatively
E) Redose every 4 hours post-operatively

Answer 17

C) No antibiotics required post-operatively

Question 18

Under what condition should Gentamicin be redosed during surgery?

A) If there is significant blood loss of 1.5 liters or more
B) If the patient experiences a fever
C) If the surgical procedure extends beyond 4 hours
D) If the patient has a history of renal impairment
E) If there is a change in surgical team members

Answer 18

A) If there is significant blood loss of 1.5 liters or more

Question 19

What is the maximum duration for administering Gentamicin during surgery?

A) 12 hours
B) 24 hours
C) 48 hours
D) 72 hours
E) Until the end of the procedure

Answer 19

B) 24 hours

Question 20

Which of the following are potential side effects of Gentamicin? (Select 3)

A) Nephrotoxicity
B) Ototoxicity
C) Hepatotoxicity
D) Curare-like effect causing longer paralysis
E) Hyperglycemia

Answer 20

A) Nephrotoxicity
B) Ototoxicity
D) Curare-like effect causing longer paralysis

S/E: nephro/ototoxicity/curare-like effect causing longer paralysis (Give slowly)