Anatomy - introduction

Question 1

How many organ systems are there in the human body?

Answer 1

10

Question 2

What are the 10 organ systems of the human body?

Answer 2

M - muscular
I - Integumentary
C - circulatory
E - endocrine

L - lymphatic
U - urinary
R - reproductive
N - nervous
D -digestive
S - skeletal

Question 3

How is external movement created? (basic explanation)

Answer 3

it happens in the bones, in a joint where one bone moves against the other

Question 4

What are the three systems responsible for joint movement?

Answer 4

1. Skeletal system
2. Muscular system
3. Nervous system

Question 5

What system is the master controller of bodily functions?

Answer 5

the nervous system - for movement to occur a signal needs to be sent to the muscle to either contract or pull on the bones or relax and let go of them

Question 6

Where is connective tissue in the human body?

Answer 6

It is present everywhere in the Nervous, Skeletal, and Muscular system to protect, connect and facilitate or restrict movement

Question 7

What is the neutral position?

Answer 7

It is the starting/ stable position used for describing any movement.

The body is erect, feet together, palms face forward, and thumbs point away from the body (like a standing savasana position)

Question 8

How many directional terms are there?

Answer 8

10

Question 9

What are the 10 directional terms?

Answer 9

D - Deep
D - Distal
I - Inferior (cranial)
S - Superior (caudal)

L - Lateral
A - Anterior
M - Medial
P - Posterior
P - Proximal
S - Superficial

Question 10

anterior refers to?

Answer 10

describes the front or direction towards the front of the body

Question 11

posterior refers to?

Answer 11

describes the back or direction towards the back of the body

Question 12

Superior (cranial) refers to?

Answer 12

describes a position above or higher than another part of the body

Question 13

Inferior (caudal) refers to?

Answer 13

describes a position below or lower than another part of the body

Question 14

lateral refers to?

Answer 14

the side or direction toward the side of the body

Question 15

medial refers to?

Answer 15

the middle or direction toward the middle of the body

Question 16

proximal refers to?

Answer 16

describes a position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

Question 17

distal refers to?

Answer 17

describes a position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

Question 18

superficial refers to?

Answer 18

a position closer to the surface of the body

Question 19

deep refers to?

Answer 19

a position farther from the surface of the body

Question 20

Are all joints the same?

Answer 20

No, joints are not all the same and they have specific planes of movement

Question 21

How many major planes of movement are there?

Answer 21

6

Question 22

What are the planes of movement

Answer 22

F - flexion
E - extension
A - abduction
A - adduction
I - Internal rotation
E - external rotation

Question 23

what is flexion

Answer 23

a movement which the angle/space of a joint is decreased (the joint closes).

It usually happens in the front of the body

E.g. raising arms or rounding the spine

Question 24

What is extension

Answer 24

a movement that the angle/space of joint is increased

usually happens in the back of the body

e.g. taking arms behind back or doing a backbend

Question 25

what is an abduction (retraction)

Answer 25

movement away from the central axis or from the centre of the body

e.g. spreading of legs or opening arms to the side

Question 26

what is an adduction (protraction)

Answer 26

movement toward the centre axis / toward the centre of the body

e.g. crossing of legs

Question 27

what is internal rotation

Answer 27

rotation toward the inside of the body

e.g. rolling the leg inwards placing the knee to face inwards

Question 28

what is external rotation

Answer 28

rotation towards the outside of the body

e.g. opening the leg to the side so the knee faces outside