Anatomy - introduction Flashcards
How many organ systems are there in the human body?
10
What are the 10 organ systems of the human body?
M - muscular
I - Integumentary
C - circulatory
E - endocrine
L - lymphatic
U - urinary
R - reproductive
N - nervous
D -digestive
S - skeletal
How is external movement created? (basic explanation)
it happens in the bones, in a joint where one bone moves against the other
What are the three systems responsible for joint movement?
- Skeletal system
- Muscular system
- Nervous system
What system is the master controller of bodily functions?
the nervous system - for movement to occur a signal needs to be sent to the muscle to either contract or pull on the bones or relax and let go of them
Where is connective tissue in the human body?
It is present everywhere in the Nervous, Skeletal, and Muscular system to protect, connect and facilitate or restrict movement
What is the neutral position?
It is the starting/ stable position used for describing any movement.
The body is erect, feet together, palms face forward, and thumbs point away from the body (like a standing savasana position)
How many directional terms are there?
10
What are the 10 directional terms?
D - Deep
D - Distal
I - Inferior (cranial)
S - Superior (caudal)
L - Lateral
A - Anterior
M - Medial
P - Posterior
P - Proximal
S - Superficial
anterior refers to?
describes the front or direction towards the front of the body
posterior refers to?
describes the back or direction towards the back of the body
Superior (cranial) refers to?
describes a position above or higher than another part of the body
Inferior (caudal) refers to?
describes a position below or lower than another part of the body
lateral refers to?
the side or direction toward the side of the body
medial refers to?
the middle or direction toward the middle of the body
proximal refers to?
describes a position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body
distal refers to?
describes a position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body
superficial refers to?
a position closer to the surface of the body
deep refers to?
a position farther from the surface of the body
Are all joints the same?
No, joints are not all the same and they have specific planes of movement
How many major planes of movement are there?
6
What are the planes of movement
F - flexion
E - extension
A - abduction
A - adduction
I - Internal rotation
E - external rotation
what is flexion
a movement which the angle/space of a joint is decreased (the joint closes).
It usually happens in the front of the body
E.g. raising arms or rounding the spine
What is extension
a movement that the angle/space of joint is increased
usually happens in the back of the body
e.g. taking arms behind back or doing a backbend
what is an abduction (retraction)
movement away from the central axis or from the centre of the body
e.g. spreading of legs or opening arms to the side
what is an adduction (protraction)
movement toward the centre axis / toward the centre of the body
e.g. crossing of legs
what is internal rotation
rotation toward the inside of the body
e.g. rolling the leg inwards placing the knee to face inwards
what is external rotation
rotation towards the outside of the body
e.g. opening the leg to the side so the knee faces outside
