A/63 Flashcards
1
Q
What is obesity?
A
A state of increased body weight, caused by adipose tissue accumulation, that can produce adverse effects
2
Q
What BMI is obese?
A
Over 30 kg/m²
3
Q
What is clinically / morbidly obese?
A
Over 40 kg/m²
4
Q
Genetic factors that affect obesity (3)
A
- sex : women more than men
- genetic syndromes
- leptin gene / leptin receptor gene
5
Q
Genetic syndromes that cause obesity
A
- prader willi
- laurence moon biedl syndrome
- klinefelter syndrome (hypogonadism)
6
Q
What is the most important regulator of body fatness?
A
Leptin
7
Q
What secretes leptin?
A
fat cells (so more fat : more leptin)
8
Q
Effects of leptin in hypothalamus
A
- Stimulates POMC/CART neurons
- Inhibits NPY/AgRP neurons
9
Q
What produces adiponectin?
A
adipose tissue
10
Q
Effects of adiponectin? (4)
A
- decreases influx of FFA to the liver
- decreases TG content of liver
- decreases glucose production
- increases insulin sensitivity
11
Q
Which hormone increases food intake?
A
ghrelin
12
Q
Which hormone decreases apetite and food intake?
A
peptide Y
13
Q
What is central obesity a risk factor of? (4)
A
- type 2 diabetes
- cardiovascular disease
- cancer
- metabolic syndrome
14
Q
Symptoms of metabolic syndrome (4)
A
- abnormalities of glucose
- lipid metabolism
- hypertension
- continuous proinflammatory state
15
Q
Clinical consequences of obesity? (5)
A
- non alcoholic liver disease
- cholelithiasis (gallstones)
- hypoventilation syndrome
- degenerative joint disease
- high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and CRP
