A/24

Question 1

What is metaplasia?

Answer 1

reversible adaptive response to chronic persistent injury

Question 2

What happens in metaplasia?

Answer 2

One cell type is replaced by another cell type (reprogramming of stem cell differenciation)

Question 3

Examples of metaplasia (2)

Answer 3

• squamous cell metaplasia of the bronchus

- barett esophagus

Question 4

What is squamous cell metaplasia of the bronchus?

Answer 4

• bronchial ciliar epithelium transforms to squamous cell epithelium

Question 5

What causes metaplasia in the bronchus?

Answer 5

long standing smoking / damage

Question 6

What does bronchus metaplasia put someone at risk for? (2)

Answer 6

• dysplasia

- squamous cell carcinoma

Question 7

What is barrett esophagus?

Answer 7

squamous epithelium of esophagus replaced by columnar epithelium with goblet cells (intestinal metaplasia)

Question 8

What is the cause of barrett esophagus?

Answer 8

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Question 9

What is dysplasia?

Answer 9

Presence of abnormal cells due to disturbance of growth and differenciation

Question 10

Features of dysplasia (4)

Answer 10

• differenciation
• variation in cell size and shape
• nucleus / cytoplasm ratio increase
• disarray in arrangement (no more polarity)

Question 11

Step between metaplasia and dysplasia

Answer 11

accumulation of mutation (still not neoplasia but getting closer)

Question 12

Examples of dysplasia (2)

Answer 12

• cervix dysplasia

- bronchus dysplasia