A/11

Question 1

Types of fatty degenerations (3)

Answer 1

• Hepatic steatosis
• Diffuse myocardial degeneration
• Tiger heart

Question 2

Causes of fatty degeneration (5)

Answer 2

• toxins
• anoxia
• protein malnutrition
• diabetes
• obesity

Question 3

Microscopy of fatty degeneration

Answer 3

Clear cytoplasm due to lipid vacuole, nucleus pushed aside

Question 4

3 types of hepatic steatosis

Answer 4

1. Alcoholic liver disease
2. Non alcoholic fatty liver disease
3. Reye syndrome

Question 5

Pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease

Answer 5

Lipid accumulation because fat catabolism is blocked - reversible
Cells blow up and cause scarring : cirrhosis (irreversible)

Question 6

How much alcohol causes steatosis?

Answer 6

Chronic 50-60mg / day (or more)

Question 7

Causes of NAFLD (2)

Answer 7

Insulin resistance due to type 2 diabetes, obesity

Question 8

Mechanism of NAFLD (3)

Answer 8

1. Impaired oxidation of FA
2. Increased uptake of FA
3. Decreased synthesis of VLDL

Question 9

What is Reye syndrome?

Answer 9

Fatty liver + encephalopathy in young children (rare)

Question 10

Causes for diffuse myocardial degeneration

Answer 10

Toxic effects : diphtheria, chemotherapy

Question 11

Pathogenesis tiger heart

Answer 11

prolonged hypoxic state (anemia, blood diseases) causes fat accumulation in the subendocardial myocytes