A/60 Flashcards
1
Q
% of lung cancers caused by tobacco?
A
90%
2
Q
Chemicals found in tobacco smoke (8)
A
- tar
- nicotine
- phenol
- benzopyrene
- carbon monoxide
- formaldehyde
- nitrogen oxides
- nitrosamine
3
Q
Which chemicals in tobacco smoke have a carcinogenic effect? (3)
A
- tar
- benzopyrene
- nitrosamine
4
Q
Effect of nicotine (4)
A
- addictive effect
- binds to receptors in brain tissue and releases catecholamines
- ganglionic stimulation and depression
- causes the acute effects
5
Q
Which chemicals in tobacco smoke promote tumor formation? (2)
A
- nicotine
- phenol
6
Q
Which chemicals in tobacco smoke cause mucosal irritation and toxicity to cilia? (3)
A
- nitrogen oxides
- phenol
- formaldehyde
7
Q
Effects of maternal smoking (3)
A
- increased risk of spontaneous abortion
- increased risk of preterm birth
- intrauterine growth retardation
8
Q
Main effects of cigarette smoking on the lungs (3)
A
- emphysema
- chronic bronchitis
- lung cancer
9
Q
How does smoking cause emphysema?
A
Irritation causes recruitment of leukocytes to the lung, increased elastase production, and injury to the lung tissue
10
Q
Cardiovascular effects of smoking (2)
A
- AS
- myocardial infarction
11
Q
Which cancer risks are also increased for smokers? (4)
A
- oral cavity
- esophagus
- pancreas
- bladder
