A/10 Flashcards
What is degeneration?
Reversible cellular dysfunction with morphological alteration
What is the point of no return in cell injury? (3)
- Inability to preserve mitochondrial integrity
- Disturbance in membrane function and integrity
- Ca influx activates autolytic enzymes
3 types of reversible cell injury
- Cellular swelling, vacuolar degeneration
- Fatty degeneration
(3. parenchymal degradation)
Pathogenesis of cellular swelling/degeneration
Inability to maintain ionic and fluid homeostasis : cells pick up water when injured
Cellular swelling / degeneration morphology (3)
- pale organ
- increase in weight
- increase in turgor
Microscopy of cellular swelling/degeneration (2)
- vacuoles in the cytoplasm
- distended ER and mitochondria
What is parenchymal degeneration
Old term for cellular swelling / vacuolar degeneration
Example of organ for vacuolar degeneration
Kidneys
Causes for fatty degeneration (5)
- toxins
- anoxia
- protein malnutrition
- diabetes
- obesity
Morphology of fatty degeneration (2 types)
- diffuse - toxic effect
- mottled - hypoxic effect
Which cells will be affected in fatty degradation
Cells which participate in fat metabolism : hepatocytes, myocardium, kidney
How do we detect fatty degeneration microscopically?
Oil red or sudan black B
2 pathways of FFA in the cell
- catabolism : cholesterol, PL, ketone bodies
- esterification : triglycerides, lipoproteins
Pathogenesis of fatty degeneration (3)
- Diabetes / obesity : saturation with FFA
- Protein malnutrition / alcohol (toxic effect) : not enough proteins
- Anoxia / alcohol : increased catabolism
Organs affected by fatty degeneration
- Liver (e.g fatty liver)
- Heart (e.g tiger heart)
