A/22 Flashcards
What is hypertrophy?
Increase of cell size and functional capacity
Types of myocardial hypertrophy (3)
- concentric left sided hypertrophy
- excentric left-sided hypertrophy
- Right sided hypertrophy
What are the causes of pressure overload on the heart? (3)
- hypertension
- aortic stenosis
- aortic coarctation
What is the cause of concentric left sided hypertrophy of the heart?
pressure overload (working against increased resistance)
Morphology of concentric LS hypertrophy?
- Heart > 500g
- Thickness of wall
- Stiffness of ventricular lumen
3 consequences of hypertension / increased resistance on the heart?
- CIHD
- apoplexia
- renal failure
What can cause apoplexia?
- charcot bouchard aneurysm
- hyalininic arteriosclerosis
What is charcot-bouchard aneurysm?
microaneurysms of small blood vessels in the brain (often branches of MCA)
How can hypertension cause nephrosclerosis?
- modification of arterioles in the kidney
- narrowed lumen bc of precipitation of hyaline
- shortage of blood : shrinking of kidney
What is the cause of excentric left sided hypertrophy of the heart?
volume overload
What can cause volume overload? (2)
- mitral insufficiency
- aortic valve insufficiency
What is right sided hypertrophy of the heart?
pulmonary hypertensive heart disease
Causes of right sided hypertrophy? (4)
- Parenchymal pulmonary diseases
- Vascular pulmonary diseases
- Chest deformity
- Pleural disease
What is emphysema?
loss of septi in the lungs, increase in air content
What is pneumoconiosis?
progressive loss of parenchyma in the lung due to inhalation of matter (like silicone)
