A/28 Flashcards
1
Q
What is edema?
A
fluid accumulations within the interstitial spaces or body cavities
2
Q
What are the 2 types of edema fluid?
A
- transudate (protein poor)
- exudate (protein rich)
3
Q
Pathomechanism for edema
A
Unbalanced Starling forces cause fluid leakage that is too big for the lymphatic drainage, which causes edema
4
Q
Causes for edema
A
- increased hydrostatic pressure
- local impaired venous return
- reduced plasma oncotic pressure
- impaired lymphatic drainage
- inflammation
5
Q
What can increase hydrostatic pressure?
A
- renal failure (retention)
- congestive heart faillure
6
Q
What can cause reduced plasma oncotic pressure?
A
Conditions which decrease albumin / protein concentration (like malnutrition)
7
Q
How does inflammation cause edema?
A
it increases permeability
8
Q
Clinical forms of edema (5)
A
- cardiac
- pulmonary
- renal
- lymphodema
- cerebral
9
Q
What causes lymphodema?
A
obstructions or removal or lymph nodes (like in breast cancer)
