A/12 Flashcards
1
Q
Morphology of AS
A
fibrous cap + lipid core
2
Q
Risk factor - risk increase AS
A
2 risk factors - 4 fold increase
3 risk factors - 7 fold increase
3
Q
Constitutional risk factors for AS (3)
A
- Age
- Gender (until menopause)
- Genetics (hypertension, hypercholesterol)
4
Q
Modifiable risk factors for AS (6)
A
- hypercholesterinaemia
- Hypertension
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Inflammation
- Stressful life
5
Q
Role of LDL
A
deliver cholesterol to peripheral tissues
6
Q
What increases LDL?
A
obesity, smoking
7
Q
What decreases LDL?
A
omega 3 fatty acids
8
Q
What is the role of HDL?
A
mobilize cholesterol from plaque, transports to liver
9
Q
What increases HDL?
A
alcohol
10
Q
What decreases HDL?
A
obesity, smoking
11
Q
What is Lip(a)?
A
modified LDL, high risk for IHD
12
Q
Phases of AS formation (6)
A
- damage of endothelium
- endothelial dysfunction
- inflammation of vessel wall
- activation of macrophages
- activation of smooth muscle cells
- calcification of plaque
13
Q
Steps of endothelial dysfunction (4)
A
- pb with vasodilation : decreased NO production
- produce inflammatory cytokines
- production of adhesion molecules
- endothelial barrier is broken so LDL can enter vessel wall
14
Q
What happens to the macrophages?
A
digest oxydized LDL and die
15
Q
What is the role of SMC in the formation of AS?
A
proliferate + produce ECM, forming fibrosis
