A/16 Flashcards
What are exogenous pigments?
coming from outside of the body : coal
What are endogenous pigments?
synthesized in the body : lipofuscin, hemosiderin
Cause of antracosis
coal (carbon) phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages drained to the lymph nodes, causing aggregates on the nodes and lungs
What is a diseases specific to coal workers?
coal workers pneumoconiosis
What causes fibrosis of the lungs in pneumoconiosis?
the silica crystals, metals contained in the coal dust kill the macrophages, causing inflammation and thus fibrosis of the lungs
What does lung fibrosis in pneumoconiosis evolve into?
cor pulmonale chronicum : right side cardiac hypertrophy and then failure
What produces lipofuscin pigments?
the lipid peroxydation of the subcellular membranes catalized by ROS
Characteristic of brown atrophy of the heart (4)
- reduction of the size of the heart
- reduction of base apex distance : curvy arteries
- sharp apex pointing downwards
- pigment in the perinuclear area
When does brown atrophy of the heart happen?
- aging
- cancer cachexia
- devastating diseases
What is hemosiderin?
large aggregates of ferritin micells, golden yellow pigment
What is hemosiderin derived from?
From hemoglobin
Histological detection of hemosiderin
Prussian blue
What is hemosiderosis
Accumulation of hemosiderin in phagocytic cells of bone marrow, liver, spleen, lymph node
Example of hemosiderosis
induratio brunea pulmonis
What is brown induration of the lungs?
brown discoloration of the lung with hardening
What causes brown induration of the lungs?
Heart pumping problem / mitral stenosis causes RBC to move to the alveoli, where they get digested by macrophages. The iron stays in the macrophages and causes local hemosiderosis
Example of systemic hemosiderosis
Hemolytic anaemias (autoimmune)
What is the heredity of hemochromatosis?
autosomal recessive disorder
What is hereditary hemochromatosis?
excessive accumulation of body iron, with deposition in parenchymal cells that causes fibrosis
Pathogenesis of hereditary chromatosis
HFE gene mutation : regulation of hepcidin (iron hormone)
What does low hepcidin cause?
uncontrolled absorption of iron (50mg pool instead of 2-6mg)
Morphology of hereditary hemochromatosis
- hepatic cirrhosis
- pancreas fibrosis (bronze diabetes)
- deposits in myocardium, skin, adrenals
Therapy of hereditary hemochromatosis
iron chelators, phlebotomy
