A/55

Question 1

What is fetal hydrops?

Answer 1

Accumulation of edema fluid in the fetus during intrauterine growth

Question 2

What is immune hydrops?

Answer 2

hydrops due to antibody-induced hemolytic disease in the newborn

Question 3

Example of immune hydrops

Answer 3

Blood group incompatibility

Question 4

Which antigen causes incompatibility in Rh?

Answer 4

D antigen

Question 5

How do you prevent Rh blood group incompatibility?

Answer 5

Give anti-D globulin to the mother after delivery of Rh positive baby to mask the antigenic sites on fetal RBC

Question 6

What is the % of ocurence of ABO incompatibility?

Answer 6

occurs in 20-25% of pregnancies

Question 7

What are the 3 main causes of non immune hydrops?

Answer 7

• cardiovascular defects
• chromosomal anomalies
• fetal anemia

Question 8

Examples of chromosomal anomalies that result in fetal hydrops? (3)

Answer 8

• turner syndrome
• trisomy 21
• trisomy 18

Question 9

What can cause fetal anemia? (2)

Answer 9

• homozygous alpha thalassemia

- erythroblastosis fetalis caused by parvovirus B19 infection

Question 10

What is a less severe form of hydrops / edema fluid?

Answer 10

isolated pleural or peritoneal fluid retention

Question 11

Morphology of fetal hydrops when associated with chromosomal abnormalities (2)

Answer 11

• dysmorphic features

- cardiac anomalies

Question 12

Morphology of fetal hydrops when associated with fetal anemia

Answer 12

• pale fetus and placenta
• enlarged liver and spleen
• compensatory hyperplasia of bone marrow

Question 13

Common characteristic in fetal hydrops

Answer 13

kernicterus (jaundice and CNS damage)

Question 14

When does hyperbilirubinemia cause CNS damage?

Answer 14

if over 20mg/dL

Question 15

Factors which influence immune response to RH positive RBC that reach the mother’s blood

Answer 15

• Concurrent ABO incompability
• Dose of antigen arriving in blood
• isotype of antibody (only G can cross)