A/42 Flashcards
1
Q
Pathomechanism of autoimmunity
A
loss / bypass of self tolerance
2
Q
3 ways of producing peripheral self-tolerance
A
- clonal anergy
- T-reg suppression
- Deletion by apoptosis
3
Q
What is the central tolerance mechanism?
A
negative selection by apoptosis (and modification of receptors for B cells)
4
Q
Failure of self tolerance mechanisms (5)
A
- Bypass T-cell anergy
- Molecular mimicry
- Modification of molecule
- Polyclonal activation
- Failure of T-cell mediated suppression
5
Q
Example of autoimmune molecular mimicry disease
A
Tonsilitis follicularis
6
Q
How does modification of molecule bypass the self tolerance?
A
If epitope is partially digested by cell / infection, it does not count as self tolerated anymore and thus can be attacked by own lymphocytes
7
Q
Pathogenetic factors of autoimmunity (5)
A
- Genetic factors (HLA gene)
- Infections (Ag release)
- UV radiation
- Smoking
- Gender (hormonal effects)
8
Q
How does gender affect autoimmunity?
A
Women have 8-12% more chance to generate an autoimmune disease
9
Q
How does smoking help generate autoimmunity?
A
It chemically modifies molecules
