A/42 Flashcards

1
Q

Pathomechanism of autoimmunity

A

loss / bypass of self tolerance

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2
Q

3 ways of producing peripheral self-tolerance

A
  1. clonal anergy
  2. T-reg suppression
  3. Deletion by apoptosis
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3
Q

What is the central tolerance mechanism?

A

negative selection by apoptosis (and modification of receptors for B cells)

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4
Q

Failure of self tolerance mechanisms (5)

A
  • Bypass T-cell anergy
  • Molecular mimicry
  • Modification of molecule
  • Polyclonal activation
  • Failure of T-cell mediated suppression
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5
Q

Example of autoimmune molecular mimicry disease

A

Tonsilitis follicularis

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6
Q

How does modification of molecule bypass the self tolerance?

A

If epitope is partially digested by cell / infection, it does not count as self tolerated anymore and thus can be attacked by own lymphocytes

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7
Q

Pathogenetic factors of autoimmunity (5)

A
  • Genetic factors (HLA gene)
  • Infections (Ag release)
  • UV radiation
  • Smoking
  • Gender (hormonal effects)
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8
Q

How does gender affect autoimmunity?

A

Women have 8-12% more chance to generate an autoimmune disease

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9
Q

How does smoking help generate autoimmunity?

A

It chemically modifies molecules

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