9 Flashcards
in winter, when temperatures are much lower than ISA. you should fly:
At least 1.000 feet above che MEA/MOCA.
Explanation
aim. RAC 8.5: When temperacures are extremely cold, true altitudes will be significantly leaver than indicated altitudes. Although pilots may fly ifr at the published MEA/MOCA in the winter. when air temperatures are much lower than ISA they should operate at altitudes of at least 1000 ft above the MEA/MOCA
When being radar vectored with a speed adjustment, the allowable speed tolerance is:
+/- 10 KIAS
AIM, RAC 9.7.3
what is the speed limitation of a civil turbojet in a holding pattern above 14.000 feet?
265 KIAS
AIM, RAC 10.7
Throughout the NAT Region, airspace at and above _____ is Class ____ airspace, and, below this FL, it is Class ____airspace.
FL055; A; G.
Explanation
aim. nat 1.6: Over the high seas, the lower limit of all North Atlantic (NAT) oceanic control areas (OCA) is fl 055; there is no upper limit. Throughout the NAT region, airspace at and above fl 055 is Class A controlled airspace, and below fl 055 is Class G uncontrolled airspace. The lower limit of the Gander oceanic transition area (GOTA) is fl 290; the upper limit is fl 600. The GOTA is Class A controlled airspace.
For the instrument rating issuance, you need a minimum of ___ hours of instrument flight time with a least ____ hours of dual instrument time from the holder of a flight instructor rating.
40; 5
CAR 421.46: An applicant for the instrument rating shall have completed a minimum of. among others:
• 40 hours of instrument time of which a
maximum of 20 hours may be instrument ground time.
The 40 hours instrument time shall include a minimum of:
5 hours of dual instrument flight time acquired from the holder of a flight instructor rating.
A transponder is mandatory for aircraft flying:
inside Class A. B or C airspace and some designated Class D or E airspace.
Explanation
CAR 601.03: Transponder airspace consists of:
- all Class A B and C airspace as specified in the Designated Airspace Handbook; and
- any class D or E airspace specified as cransponder airspace in the Designated Airspace Handbook.
under which circumstances are flights inside Class F airspace authorized?
When national security or the security of any aircraft inside the airspace is not compromised.
Explanation
CAR 601.04: (1) The procedures for the operation of aircraft in class F special use Restricted airspace and Class F special use Advisory airspace are those specified in the Designated Airspace Handbook.
(2) no person sha l operate an aircraft in class F special use Resencted airspace unless authorized to do so by the person specified for chat purpose in the Designated Airspace Handbook.
(3) For che purposes of subseccion (2). a person specified in che Designated Airspace Handbook may auchorize the operacion of an aircraft where activities on the ground or in the airspace are not hazardous to aircraft operating in that airspace and access by aircraft to that airspace dees not jeopardize national security interests.
it is prohibited to fly within a radius of ___nm and an altitude of ___ feet of a forest fire.
5NM; 3000
Explanation
CAR 601.15: No person shall operate an aircraft
- over a forest fire area, or over any area that is located within five nautical miles of a forest fire area, at an altitude of less than 3.000 feet AGU or
- in any airspace chat is descnbed in a NOTAM issued pursuant to Section 601.16.
car 601.16: The Minister may issue a notam that relates to restrictions on the operation of aircraft in the case of a forest fire and that describes:
• the location and dimensions of the forest fire area; and
• the airspace in which forest fire control operations are being conducted.
© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of Transport (2021). This information has been reproduced with che permission of Transport Canada.
Regarding alcohol consumption: No person shall act as a crew memeber of an aircraft:
A pilot may not act as a crew member of an aircraft within 12 hours of consuming alcohol nor while under the influence of alcohol.
CAR 602.03: No person shall act as a crew member of an aircraft
(a) within 12 hours after consuming an alcoholic beverage;
(b) while under the influence of alcohol; or
(C) while using any drug that impairs che person’s faculties to the extent that the safety of che aircraft or of persons on board che aircraft is endangered in any way.
Without prior authorization, it is prohibited to refuel an aircraft:
When passengers are on board, embarking or disembarking.
Explanation
CAR 604.83: (1) No person operacing an aircraft operated by a private operator shall permit the fuelling of the aircraft while passengers are on board or are embarking or disembarking.
RAC 703.38: (2) No air operator shall permit an aircraft with passengers on board to be fuelled unless the fuelling is carried out in accordance with procedures chat meet che Commercial Air sen/ice Standards and that are specified in the air operator’s company operations manual.
RAC 704.33: (4) no air operator shall permit an aircraft with passengers on board to be fuelled unless che fuelling is carried out in accordance with procedures chat meet che Commercial Air sen/ice Standards and that are specified in the air operator’s company operations manual.
RAC 705.40: (3) No air operator shall permit an aircraft with passengers on board to be fuelled unless che fuelling is carried out in accordance with procedures chat meet che Commercial Air sen/ice Standards and that are specified in the air operator’s company operations manual.
Unless the aircraft is being operated in accordance with a special flight operations certificate - special aviation event issued pursuant to section 603.02. below 10,000 feet asl. you may not operate an aircraft at an indicated airspeed above:
250 knots.
Explanation
CAR 60232: (1) Subject to subsection (2)l no person shall
(a) operate an aircraft at an indicated airspeed of more chan 250 knots if the aircraft is below 10.000 feet asl or
(b) operate an aircraft at an indicated airspeed of more than 200 knots if the aircraft is below 3.000 feet agl within 10 nautical miles of a controlled aerodrome unless authorized to do so in an air traffic control clearance.
(2) a person may operate an aircraft at an indicated airspeed greater than the airspeeds referred to in subsection (1) if the aircraft is being operated :n accordance with a special flight operations certificate - special aviation event issued pursuant to section 603.02.
(3) if the minimum safe airspeed for the flight configuration of an aircraft is greater than the airspeed referred to in subsection (1). the aircraft shall be operated at the minimum safe airspeed.
At what altitude do cruising altitude rules begin to apply for a vfr flight?
3000 feet AGL
Explanation
CAR 602.34: The pilot-in-command of an aircraft shall ensure that the aircraft is operated at a cruising altitude or cruising flight level appropriate to the crack, unless che pilot-in-command is assigned another altitude or flight level by an air traffic control unit and the aircraft is operated in level cruising flight:
- at more than 3.000 feet agl. in vfr flight or
- in ifr flight.
The maximum distance at which a land aeroplane can fly away from the shore without any life preserver on board is:
50 NM.
Explanation
CAR 602.62: (1) No person shall conduct a take-off or a landing on water in an aircraft or operate an aircraft over water beyond a point where the aircraft could reach shore in the event of an engine failure, unless a life preserver, individual flotation device or personal flotation device is carried for each person on board.
(2) no person sha l operate a land aeroplane, gyroplane, helicopter or airship at more than 50 nautical miles from shore unless a life preserver is carried for each person on board.
No person shall operate a MULTI-ENGINE aeroplane over water that is able to maintain flight with any engine failed at more than ____ or the distance that can be covered in ____ minutes of flight at the cruising speed filed in the flight plan or flight itinerary, whichever distance is the lesser, from a suitable emergency landing site unless life rafts are carried on board and are sufficient in total rated capacity to accommodate all of the persons on board.
200NM; 60
(Do not confuse with extended operations, which are double)
Explanation
CAR 602.63: No person shall operate over water a multi-engined aeroplane that is able to maintain flight with any engine failed at more than 200 nautical miles, or the distance that can be covered in 60 minutes of flight at the cruising speed filed in the flight plan or flight itinerary, whichever distance is che lesser, from a suitable emergency landing site unless life rafts are carried on board and are sufficient in total rated capacity to accommodate all of the persons on board.
Before setting out on any vfr flight, a pilot is required to:
Be familiar with all available information appropriate to the flight.
Explanation
CAR 602.71: The pilot-m-command of an aircraft shall, before commencing a flight, be familiar with the available information that is appropriate to the intended flight.
in which circumstances may a pilot file a flight itinerary, instead of a flight plan, with a responsible person?
When communications are unavailable during the flight.
When he/she is unable to file a flight plan because no phone or internet is available.
When it will be impossible on location to close the flight plan, and therefore respect the time limit to close it. after arrival.
Explanation
CAR 602.73: A pilot-in-command may file an IFR flight itinerary instead of an IFR flight plan where:
- The flight is conducted in part or in whole outside controlled airspace;
• Facilities are inadequate to permit the communication of flight plan information to an air traffic control unit a flight sen/ice station or a community aerodrome radio station.
You are preparing a flight at fl 260 in a pressurized aircraft. The passengers on board must be briefed with respect to the location and means of operation of oxygen equipment:
Before the aircraft reaches fl 250.
Explanation
CAR 602.89: (2) The pilown-command of an aircraft shall ensure that all of the passengers on board the aircraft are briefed
(a) in the case of an over-water flight where the carriage of life preservers, individual flotation devices or personal flotation devices is required pursuant to section 602.62 before commencement of the over-water portion of the flight, with respect to the location and use of those items; and
(b) in the case of a pressurized aircraft that is to be operated at an altitude above fl 250. before the aircraft reaches fl 250. with respect to the location and means of operation of oxygen equipment.
A pilot in ifr flight expects to land inside an mf area, when should he/she make its initial call?
5 minutes before commencing the approach.
Explanation
car 602.104: (1) This section applies to persons operating ifr aircraft when approaching or landing at an uncontrolled aerodrome, whether or not the aerodrome lies within an MF area.
(2) The pilot-in-command of an IFR aircraft who intends to conduct an approach to or a landing at an uncontrolled aerodrome shall report
(a) the pilot-in-command’s intentions regarding the operation of the aircraft
(l) five minutes before the estimated time of commencing the approach procedure, stating the estimated time of landing (If) when commencing a circling manoeuvre, and
(ill) as soon as practicable after initiating a missed approach procedure: and
(b) the aircraft’s position
(I) when passing the fix outbound, where the pilot-in-command intends to conduct a procedure turn or, if no procedure turn is intended, when the aircraft first intercepts the final approach course. (If) when passing the final approach fix or three minutes before the estimated time of landing where no final approach fix exists, and (III) on final approach.
Every aircraft entering the ADIZ shall give an estimated time of entry accurate to:
+/- 5 minutes or +/- 20 NM.
Explanation
CAR 602.145: The piloc-in-command of a VFR aircraft shall revise the estimated time and point of ADIZ entry and inform an air traffic control unit, a flight service station or a community aerodrome radio station, when the aircraft is not expected to arrive:
- within plus or minus five minutes of the estimated time at .a reporting point.
.the point of ADIZ entry, or
.the point of destination within the ADIZ; or
- within 20 nautical miles of
.the estimated point of adiz entry, or
.the center line of the route of flight indicated in the flight plan or flight itinerary.
A pilot has placed the POH of his/her aircraft in the baggage compartment at the rear of the aircraft, is he/she allowed to do so?
No. the POH must be available to the flight crew members at their duty stations.
Explanation
CAR 605.04: No person shall conduct a take-off in an aircraft for which an aircraft flight manual is required by the applicable standards of airworthiness, unless the aircraft flight manual or. where established under section 604.27 or Part VIl. the aircraft operating manual is available to the flight crew members at their duty stations.
Are you permitted to fly an aircraft from which equipment has been removed for repair?
Yes. if operated in accordance with a flight permit issued for that purpose.
Explanation
CAR 605.08(2): Notwithstanding sections 605.09 and 605.10. a person may conduct a takeoff in an aircraft chat has equipment that is not serviceable or from which equipment has been removed where the aircraft is operated in accordance with the conditions of a flight permit that has been issued specifically for that purpose.
Can you use a flight control lock on your aeroplane?
Yes. if an unmistakable warning is provided whenever the flight control lock is engaged.
Explanation
CAR 605.29: No operator of an aircraft shall permit the use of a flight control lock in respect of the aircraft unless
(a) the flight control lock is incapable of becoming engaged when the aircraft is being operated; and
(b) an unmistakable warning is provided to the person operating the aircraft whenever the flight control lock is engaged.
Consider an unpressurized aircraft flying at 11.000 feet ASL for 1 hour and 30 minutes, in this case, all the crew members shall use their oxygen supply for ____ minute(s).
90
Explanation
CAR 60532: (1) Where an aircraft is operated at cabin-pressure-altitudes above 10.000 feet asl but not exceeding 13.000 feet asl each crew member shall wear an oxygen mask and use supplemental oxygen for any part of the flight at those altitudes chat is more than 30 minutes in duration.
A cockpit voice recorder is required in:
Multi-engine Turbine
6 or more passenger seats
2 pilots
A multi-engine turbine-powered aircraft that is configured for six or more passenger seats and for which two pilots are required by the aircraft type certificate or by the subpart under which the aircraft is operated
Explanation
car 60533: (1) Subject to section 605.34. no person shall conduct a take-off in any of che following multi-engined turbine-powered aircraft unless the aircraft is equipped with a flight data recorder that conforms to section 551.100 of Chapter 551 of the Airworthiness Manual and section 625.33 of Standard 625 — Aircraft Equipment and Maintenance of che General Operating and Flight Rules Standards:
(a) an aircraft in respect of which a type certificate has been issued auchonzing the transport of 30 or fewer passengers, configured for 10 or more passenger seats and manufactured after October 11.1991:
(b) an aeroplane in respect of which a type certificate has been issued authorizing che transport of 30 or fewer passengers and configured for 20 to 30 passenger seacs:
(C) an aircraft in respect of which a type certificate has been issued authorizing the transport of more than 30 passengers; and
(d) an aircraft in respect of which a type certificate has been issued authonzing the transport of cargo only and operated under Subpart 5 of Part vn.
(2) Subject to seccion 605.34. no person shall conduct a take-off in a multi-engined turbine-powered aircraft that is configured for six or more passenger seats and for which two pilots are required by the aircraft type certificate or by the subpart under which the aircraft is operaced. unless the aircraft is equipped with a cockpit voice recorder that conforms to section 551.101 of Chapter 551 of the Airworchmess Manual and section 625.33 of scandard 625 — Aircraft Equipment and Maintenance of the General Operating and Flight Rules Standards.
The operator may operate an aircraft without a serviceable flight data recorder for a maximum period of __ days after the date of failure of the flight data recorder if the cockpit voice recorder is serviceable.
90
Explanation
CAR 605.34: (4) Where a minimum equipment list has not been approved by the Minister in respect of the operator of an aircraft, the operator may operate the aircraft without a serviceable flight data recorder for a maximum period of 90 days after the date of failure of the flight data recorder if
(a) where a cockpit voice recorder is required by these Regulations, the cockpit voice recorder is serviceable; and
(b) the aircraft technical records show the date of the failure of the flight data recorder.
Differential pressure is:
The difference between aircraft pressure and outside pressure.
Explanation
The control of cabin pressurization is done through three parameters: the cabin altitude (measured by an altimeter in the cabin; should not be more than 8.000 feet), the pressure differential (difference between aircraft pressure and outside pressure; maximum differential pressure is generally between 7 and 9 psi. depending on the aircraft), and the cabin vertical speed indicator (which shows the speed at which the cabin climbs or descends).
What are some characteristics of an anti-skid system:
Touchdown protection and locked wheel protection are generally incorporated in the anti-ski system.
Touchdown protection is provided to prevent the application of brake pressure prior the wheel rotates at an appropriate speed.
Locked wheel protection prevents the inadvertent turning of the aeroplane resulting from differential braking.
No operator shall operate a day VFR turbine-powered aeroplane that has a seating configuration, excluding pilot seats, of six or more, unless the aeroplane is equipped with an operative TAWS that:
Class A or Class B equipment
Altitude accuracy in 5 years after this section comes into force
Terrain and airport Data Base in area of operation
Explanation
CAR 605.42: (1) Subject to subsection (2). no operator shall operate a turbine-powered aeroplane that has a seating configuration, excluding pilot seats, of six or more, unless the aeroplane is equipped with an operative taws that
(a) meets the requirements for class A or class B equipment set out in CAN-TSO-C151 b;
(b) meets, effective on the day that is five years after the day on which this section comes into force, the altitude accuracy requirements set out in section 551.102 of Chapter 551 of the Airworthiness Manual; and
(c) has a terrain and airport database compatible with the area of operation.
(2) The operator may operate the aeroplane without its being equipped with an operative TAWS if
(a) the aeroplane is operated in day VFR only;
(b) in the event that a minimum equipment list has not been approved by the Minister and subject to subsection 605.08(1). the operation takes place within the three days after the day on which the failure of the taws occurs: or
(c) it is necessary for the pilot-m-command to deactivate, in the interests of aviation safety, the TAWS or any of its modes and the pilot-in-command does so in accordance with the aircraft flight manual, aircraft operating manual, flight manual supplement or minimum equipment list.
(3) This section does not apply in respect of aeroplanes manufactured on or before the day on which this section comes into force until the day that is two years after that day.
•GPWS” is used to designate:”
A system alerting for ground proximity.
What is the most important factor in obtaining better information from the radar display when flying In moderate rain?
The use of the tilt control.
Explanation
Airborne weather radar is only able to detect targets detected by its beam. The beam covers only a small area (from 3 to 10º). therefore tilt management of the radar antenna is important to target zones of interest (middle and lower regions of the thunderstorm, where the rain is most concentrated). This enables the pilot to control the antenna angle on the vertical plan.
Refer to images 8 to 10 in the Appendix.
According to the conditions below, determine the total landing distance:
- Runway: Dry
• Brake use: max manual
- Landing gross weight: 65.000 Kg
- Airport elevation: 3.500 ft
- Head/tail winds: 12 kts headwind
- Runway gradient: -1.5%
- OAT: ISA + 7°C
- Approach speed: Vref30 + 7 kts
- Reverse thrust: No reverse used
- Flaps: 30
- Speedbrakes: manual
5.019 feet.
which of the following is true regarding the cascade thrust reverser on a by-pass turbofan engine?
The cascades open on the side of the engine to deflect forward the cold by-pass air.
Explanation
A thrust reverser is a mobile part that is positioned to deflect, when deployed, a portion of the hot gas flow forward, allowing the aeroplane to use the brakes less and to land on a shorter distance.
Thrust reversers are most efficient at high speed, it is recommended not to use them below a certain speed to prevent dust or dirt from entering the engine.
There are different types of thrust reversers. The two mainly used are the cascade thrust re/erser and the clamshell reverser.
The cascade chrust reverser is used on by-pass turbofans, in this system, only cold fan air is used to slow the aircraft, when the power levers are moved to reverse position, a translating sleeve open, closing the blocker doors. The fan airflow stops from going aft and is redirected through the cascade vanes. Therefore, it is redirected forward and slow the aircraft. By returning the power levers to the idle position, the translating sleeve closes and the blocker doors open.
The clamshell thrust re/erser is mainly used on turbojet engines, it consists of a removable obstruction in the hot exhaust gas stream. The engine exhaust gases are diverted at a suitable angle in the reverse direcoon by the deployed clamshell, when the re/erser is not in use. the clamshell doors retract around the engine exhaust duct, usually forming the rear section of the engine nacelle.
Some by-pass turbofans use a combination of the two types.
