6.4 Organisation And Specialisation Of Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

Level of organisation in multicellular organism

A

Specialised cell- tissue- organs- organ systems- whole organism

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2
Q

Differentiated

A

Specialised cell carrying out specific function

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3
Q

Erythrocyte

A

Flattened biconcave shape, increasing SA:V. Transports oxygen around body.

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4
Q

Nutrophil

A

Type of white blood cell. Multi-lobed nucleus, making it easier to squeeze through small gaps. Granular cytoplasm contains many lysosomes that contain enzymes used to attack pathogens

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5
Q

Lysosome

A

Compartment inside cell containing enzymes

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6
Q

Sperm cell

A

Male gamete. Used to deliver genetic information to female gamete. Has flagella, used as movement.

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7
Q

Acrosome

A

Part of male gamete, contains digestive enzymes to digest protective layers around the ovum.

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8
Q

Palisade cell

A

Present in mesophyll, contain chloroplast. Thin cell walls increasing diffusion. Large vacuole maintaining turgor pressure.

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9
Q

Root hair cell

A

Present in surface of roots near growing tips. Long extensions which increase surface area, maximising uptake of water and minerals from soil.

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10
Q

Guard cells (pair)

A

Form stomata, necessary for entry of CO². When they lose water, they become less swolen and change shape. Stoma closes to prevent further water loss. Does not change shape symmetrically as one cell wall of guard cell is thicker than the other.

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11
Q

Tissue

A

Collection of differentiated cells that has specialised function

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12
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Adapted to support transmission of electrical impulses

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13
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Adapted to cover body surfaces, internal and external

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14
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Adapted to contract

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15
Q

Connective tissue

A

Adapted either to hold other tissues together or as a transport medium

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16
Q

Squamous epithelium

A

Made of specialised squamous epithelial cells, thin due to flat cells. Allows rapid diffusion to occur. Forms lining of lungs

17
Q

Ciliated epithelium

A

Hair-like structures. Line trachea, causing mucus to be swept away from the lungs.

18
Q

Goblet cells

A

Releases mucus, trapping unwanted particles present in the air. Prevents is from reaching alveoli once inside the lungs

19
Q

Cartilage

A

Connective tissue, contains fibres of proteins elastin and collagen. Prevents bones rubbing and becoming damaged. Can create skeletons eg. in many fish

20
Q

Muscle

A

Contractive tissue used to move bones.

21
Q

Epidermis tissue

A

Adapted to cover plant surfaces

22
Q

Vascular tissue

A

Adapted to transport water and nutrients

23
Q

Epidermis

A

Usually covered in waxy cuticle to reduce water loss. Stomata are present in epidermis

24
Q

Xylem tissue

A

Vascular tissue responsible for transport of water and minerals. Walls are strengthened and lined with lignin

25
Q

Lignin

A

Provided structural support for plants

26
Q

Phloem tissue

A

Vascular tissue, transport organic nutrients especially sucrose. Composed of sieve tube elements separated by sieve plates

27
Q

Organ

A

Collection of tissues adapted to perform specific function

28
Q

Organ system

A

Composed of a number of organs carrying out a major role in the body