2.4 Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Question 1

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 1

Single-celled. Simple structure. Undivided cytoplasm

Question 2

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 2

Multi-cellular. Complex structure. Membrane-bound nucleus

Question 3

Nuclear envelope

Answer 3

Membrane protecting the nucleus from damage

Question 4

Histone

Answer 4

Protein associated with DNA

Question 5

Nucleolus

Answer 5

Area within nucleus, produces ribosomes. Composed of RNA

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

Site of final stages of cellular respiration. Energy storage.
Produces ATP

Question 7

Vesicle

Answer 7

Membranous sac, storage and transport roles. Transports material in a cell

Question 8

Lysosome

Answer 8

Specialised vesicle. Contains hydrolytic enzymes. Breaks down waste material. Important role in immune system

Question 9

Microfilament

Answer 9

Contractile fibre. Made of actin. responsible for cell movement.

Question 10

Microtubule

Answer 10

Globular protein. Forms scaffold-like structure creating shape of cell.

Question 11

Intermediate fibres

Answer 11

Fibres providing mechanical strength, maintaining cell integrity

Question 12

Flagella

Answer 12

Enable mobility. Can be used as sensory organelles

Question 13

Cilia

Answer 13

Mobile or stationary. Present on many cell surfaces. Allows fluids to move. In fallopian tubes, moves egg cells in a beating motion

Question 14

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 14

Responsible for lipid and carbohydrate synthesis, and storage

Question 15

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 15

Contains ribosomes bound to surface, responsible for the synthesis and transport and proteins

Question 16

Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

Compact structure formed of cisternae and does not contain ribosomes. Role in modifying proteins and ‘packaging’ them into vesicles.