5.7 Renal

Question 1

What does renin, active vitamin D, and erthropoietin regulate?

Answer 1

1) renine= BP regulation
2) calcium balance
3) RBC production

Question 2

systemic renal circulation and GFR?

1) cardiac output (CO)
2) renal blood flow (RBF)
3) renal plasma flow (RPF)
4) glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Answer 2

1) 5-6 L/min
2) 1-1.2 L/min (20% of CO)
3) 500-600 ml/min
4) 100-120 ml/min
- —- 10% of RBF
- —- 20% of RPF

Question 3

functions of kidney

Answer 3

1) regulate Na and H2O; and K, Ca
2) excretion of metoblic wate and foreign substance: eura, creatine, drugs
3) gluconeogenesis = glucose-6-phosphatease activity
4) regulate acid-base homeostasis
5) release hormones and enzymes

Question 4

4 main functions of nephron?

Answer 4

filtration
re-absorption
secretion
excretion

Question 5

what is renal processing?

Answer 5

tubular re-absorption and secretion

Question 6

reabsorption vs secretion?

Answer 6

• reabsorption= tubules to blood

* secretion= blood to tubules

Question 7

___% is filter, goes where?

___% is NOT filtered, goes where?

Answer 7

• *10% is filtered through renal processing in tubules

* * 90% is NOT filtered and goes into efferent arterioles

Question 8

ultrafiltrate means?

Answer 8

cell and protein free, so only H2O and Na, AA, glucose can cross capillary endothelium into bowmans capsule/PT

Question 9

initial filtrate has the same conc as?

Answer 9

plasma

Question 10

composition of filtrate?

Answer 10

• ultrafiltrate of plasma
• cell and protein free
• {filtrate} = {plasma} for freely filterable substances

Question 11

filtration determinates

Answer 11

• size
• shape
• electrical charge
• protein-bound

Question 12

what is starling force?

Answer 12

+10 mm Hg (filtration occurs)

Question 13

bowmans capsule oncotic pressure?

Answer 13

0 oncotic pressure

Question 14

why do we care about the kidney with hemorhages?

Answer 14

there is a +10mmHg force that favors filtration! So when arteriole pressure drops due to a hemorhage, the glomerular capillary pressure will drop. It doesn’t take much of a drop in blood pressure and you start losing the driving force of filtration
**check renal function with a drop in BP

Question 15

About ____% of glomerular filtrate is reabosorbed into the circulation?
Define tubular reabsorption

Answer 15

99%

tubular reabsorption= movement of substances from lumenal tubules back into blood, to get useful stuff

Question 16

tubular secretion

Answer 16

substances moving from tubular cells to the luminal fluid, depose of water

Question 17

describe what happens when the bladder fills?

Answer 17

1 smooth musclel fibers are stretched
2 stretch reflex occurs
3 sensory receptors are activated
4 afferent signal is sent to the spinal cord
5 motor nerves fire
6 ladder smooth muscles contract
7 thus increasing bladder pressure and strengthening the reflex

Question 18

after the increasing pressure is sensed in the bladder, hopefuily there is a conscious?

Answer 18

contraction of the external sphincter to prevent urination

Question 19

relaxed external sphincter means?

Answer 19

urination

Question 20

paruuesis?

Answer 20

not being able to urinate with people around

Question 21

when does stretch induced bladder contraction happen?

Answer 21

around 200 mL

*don’t really feel it until 400mL