2.3 Flashcards
mea electrical axis is normally betwee?
0 and 90
*most common is 60
if there is an infarction, the axis points?
AWAY from the infarcted dead area; electrically silent (no vectors)
if there is a bundle block, the axis points?
TOWARD the block
if there is hypertrophy, axis points?
towards the hypertrophied side; most common on left side!
systole vs diastole
systole= contraction *isovolumetric contraction *ejection of blood diastole= relaxation *isovolumetric relaxation *filling
what percent of filling is atrial and ventricular contraction?
atrial contraction= 30%
ventricular RELAXATION= 70%
What is “lub” and”dub”
lub= AV valves close dub= semilunar valves close
late diastole atrial systole isovolumetric ventricular contraction ventricular ejection isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
1) see some filling happening (70%)
2) later diastole in ventricles (30%)
3) forcing blood out of ventircles (AV close)
4) semilunar valves are open, ejection due to pressure
5) pressure drops, but not low enough for filling
issue with lub or AV valves closure due to?
noise occuring AFTER 1st hear tsound, occur during systole
issue with dub or semilunar valves closure due to?
occurs after 2nd heart sound
stinosis means?
a restriction,
STUCK (stinuck) together
cardiogenic shock
inability of heart to adequately pump blood
hypovolemetric shock
decreased blood volume caused by hemorrahge or fluid loss
neurogenic shock
loss of autonomic tone
anaphylactic shock
chemical vasodilatiors released as a result of AgAb reactions
septic shock
chemical vasodilators released from bacteria
traumatic shock
combination of all shocks with trauma
what are the stages of shock?
1) compensated shock/nonprogressive= early stage/ cardiovascular reflexes compensating
2) progressive shock= deterioration of tissues- positive feedback loop
3) irreversible shock= tissue deterioration beyound repair/ no effective treatment
what is common treatment for shock?
horizontal body and raise feet
what is great treatment for cardiac shock?
positive inotropic drug admin= increase contraction of heart
what is NOT good treatment for cardiac shock?
deterioration of tissues -positive feedback loop
does the vertical or horizontal position have hydrostatic pressure?
vertical due to the weight of blood (increases pressure up to 80mmHg)
what are mechanisms to counteract changes in pressure due to gravity?
1) mucularity of the arterioles to protect capillaries
2) rapid reflex responses of short term BP control
3) skeletal muscle pump
4) repiratory pump
5) venous valves
