2.3

Question 1

mea electrical axis is normally betwee?

Answer 1

0 and 90

*most common is 60

Question 2

if there is an infarction, the axis points?

Answer 2

AWAY from the infarcted dead area; electrically silent (no vectors)

Question 3

if there is a bundle block, the axis points?

Answer 3

TOWARD the block

Question 4

if there is hypertrophy, axis points?

Answer 4

towards the hypertrophied side; most common on left side!

Question 5

systole vs diastole

Answer 5

systole= contraction
*isovolumetric contraction
*ejection of blood
diastole= relaxation
*isovolumetric relaxation
*filling

Question 6

what percent of filling is atrial and ventricular contraction?

Answer 6

atrial contraction= 30%

ventricular RELAXATION= 70%

Question 7

What is “lub” and”dub”

Answer 7

lub= AV valves close
dub= semilunar valves close

Question 8

late diastole
atrial systole
isovolumetric ventricular contraction
ventricular ejection
isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

Answer 8

1) see some filling happening (70%)
2) later diastole in ventricles (30%)
3) forcing blood out of ventircles (AV close)
4) semilunar valves are open, ejection due to pressure
5) pressure drops, but not low enough for filling

Question 9

issue with lub or AV valves closure due to?

Answer 9

noise occuring AFTER 1st hear tsound, occur during systole

Question 10

issue with dub or semilunar valves closure due to?

Answer 10

occurs after 2nd heart sound

Question 11

stinosis means?

Answer 11

a restriction,

STUCK (stinuck) together

Question 12

cardiogenic shock

Answer 12

inability of heart to adequately pump blood

Question 13

hypovolemetric shock

Answer 13

decreased blood volume caused by hemorrahge or fluid loss

Question 14

neurogenic shock

Answer 14

loss of autonomic tone

Question 15

anaphylactic shock

Answer 15

chemical vasodilatiors released as a result of AgAb reactions

Question 16

septic shock

Answer 16

chemical vasodilators released from bacteria

Question 17

traumatic shock

Answer 17

combination of all shocks with trauma

Question 18

what are the stages of shock?

Answer 18

1) compensated shock/nonprogressive= early stage/ cardiovascular reflexes compensating
2) progressive shock= deterioration of tissues- positive feedback loop
3) irreversible shock= tissue deterioration beyound repair/ no effective treatment

Question 19

what is common treatment for shock?

Answer 19

horizontal body and raise feet

Question 20

what is great treatment for cardiac shock?

Answer 20

positive inotropic drug admin= increase contraction of heart

Question 21

what is NOT good treatment for cardiac shock?

Answer 21

deterioration of tissues -positive feedback loop

Question 22

does the vertical or horizontal position have hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 22

vertical due to the weight of blood (increases pressure up to 80mmHg)

Question 23

what are mechanisms to counteract changes in pressure due to gravity?

Answer 23

1) mucularity of the arterioles to protect capillaries
2) rapid reflex responses of short term BP control
3) skeletal muscle pump
4) repiratory pump
5) venous valves