2.5 Phys 2 Blood

Question 1

heart attack is called?

Answer 1

infarction

*symptoms: chest pain, nausea, vomiting, sweating, weakness, short breath

Question 2

infarction detection?

Answer 2

• changes in EKG (larger Q than normal, mean axis goes away bc dead area is electrically silent)
• creatine phosphokinase in blood (and other proteins)

Question 3

atherosclerosis caused by?

Answer 3

damage or insult to vascular endothelium,
hemoretic stroke if capillaries break
*caused by: chronic stress, hyptension, diabetes, fat, smoking
*treat: reduce risk factors

Question 4

Use of excerise as treatment for atherosclerosis

Answer 4

1) decrese resting HR and BP
2) increase vasodilation of heart vessels
3) minimize severity of hypertension and diabetes
4) decrease total plasma cholesterol
5) increase plasma HDL levels
6) decrease clot formation
7) increase ability to dissolve clots

Question 5

What is fibrinogen? binds to? inactive form of?

Answer 5

important clottingprotein!
inactive form of fibrin
Binds to platelets

Question 6

anemia

Answer 6

iron defecency (hemoglobin loses ability to carry RBCs)

Question 7

sickle cell anemia

Answer 7

irregular shape makes them get caught in vessels, needs both copies to get disease, don’t carry iron

Question 8

polycythemia

Answer 8

increase in the number of RBCs

Question 9

5 WBCs and what they do

Answer 9

1) Eosinophils- reduce inflammation
2) Basophiles- release histamine and increase inflammatory response
3) Neutrophils- small phagocytic cells
4) Monocytes- macrophages
5) Lymphocytes- immunity

Question 10

serum = ____ - _____

Answer 10

plasma - fibrinogen

Question 11

highest protein and highest ion

Answer 11

protein= albumin
ion= Na

Question 12

three mechanisms to prevent blood loss?

Answer 12

1) vasoconstriction
2) platelet plug formation
3) clot formation

Question 13

what is thromboxane A2? released by?

Answer 13

local control -vasoconstrictor
sticky
released by platelets

Question 14

damaged vessels expose? What sticks to them?

Answer 14

collagen in the basement membrane

**platlelets stick to collagen and become activated

Question 15

activated platelets release? What do they do?

Answer 15

• APD and thromboxane= sticky
• serotonin= vasoconstirct
• vWF= form bridges between collagen and platelets

Question 16

Non injured endothelium cells have ____ and ____ to inhibits clot formation

Answer 16

• prostacyclin= inhibit platelet aggregation

* nitric oxide= vasodilation

Question 17

what two things make a clot?

Answer 17

platelets and fibrinogen

• fibrinogen is soluble
• fibrin is insoluble

Question 18

fibrinogen needs WHAT to be converted to fibrin?

Answer 18

thrombin

Question 19

what is the mainreaction that leads to true clot formation?

Answer 19

fibrinogen to fibrin (using thrombin)

Question 20

Vitamin K

Answer 20

essential for clotting (2,7, 9, 10 factors)

fat soluble

Question 21

calcium is essential for?

Answer 21

for clotting

Question 22

13a is essential for? catalyzed by?

Answer 22

making a strong stable clot

*catalyzed by thrombin

Question 23

intrinsic vs extrinsic

Answer 23

• intrinsic= all components for clot formation is in the blood
• extrinsic= involves thromboplastin released from damaged tissue as a SHORTCUT to fibrin formation

Question 24

two important substances required for proper functioning clot cascade?

Answer 24

1) calcium- required by many rxns

2) vitamin K- required by liver to produce prothrombin

Question 25

as damaged vessel is repairing, factor 7 activates?

Answer 25

Kallikrein

• converts plasminogen to plasmin
• converts fibrin to fibrinogen
• inhibit thrombin

Question 26

Kallikrein important for?

Answer 26

platelet plug and clot breakdown and inhibition of new plug/clot formation

Question 27

Anticoagulant drugs?

Answer 27

1) aspirin= inhibits prostalglandin production, resulting in defective platlet release
2) coumarin= inhibits activation of Vit K
3) Heparin= inhibits activity of thrombin
4) combines WITH Ca and therefore inhibits its activity in clotting

Question 28

what converts plasminogen to plasmin?

Answer 28

kallikrein