5.4 Pulmonary

Question 1

what is CO2 and O2 environments like in lungs and tissues?

Answer 1

lungs= increase O2; decrease CO2
tissue= decrease O2; increase CO2

Question 2

globin

Answer 2

protein that can carry CO2 and H+

Question 3

heme

Answer 3

protoporphyrins that actually carries O2

*also has higher affinity for CO than O2 by 210x

Question 4

define capacity

Answer 4

• capacity= the most amount of oxygen Hb that blood can carry
• content= what do they actually have

Question 5

Hb vs Hb-

Answer 5

Hb= deoxyhemoglobin
Hb-= oxy

Question 6

1 gram of hemoglobin carries ____ mL of O2 at 100% saturation

Answer 6

1.34

Question 7

how muc Hb in 100 mL of blood?

Answer 7

15 g Hb (hemoglobin)

-tends to be higher in males

Question 8

when one heme group binds to O2 it changes the affinity of?

Answer 8

the other heme subunits so they can bind to O2 quicker

-can go from deoxy to a fully saturated oxy quickly

Question 9

lack of functional Hb means?

Answer 9

anemia!

*all anemia’s have this ONE thing in common

Question 10

how do you calculate capacity?

Answer 10

take 1.34 carrying capacity of Hb times how much Hb you have

Question 11

a PaO2 of 100 torr results in ____% saturation of Hb

Answer 11

97%

-not a lot of room for improvement

Question 12

actual O2 content in blood is due to?

Answer 12

physically dissolved O2 and O2 carried by Hb

*both determined primarily by Pa O2

Question 13

how do you calculate content?

Answer 13

take capacity times the % of saturation

Question 14

1) capacity depends on?
2) content depends on?
3) % saturation depends on?

Answer 14

1) amount of functional Hb
2) saturation of the functional Hb you have
3) PP of arteriolized O2 (PaO2)

Question 15

typical pH of blood an d ECF?

Answer 15

7.4

Question 16

primary determinant of whether oxyheme releases O2 is?

Answer 16

PP of O2

*lower PP, greater the oxyheme release

Question 17

standard conditions?

Answer 17

7.4 pH
40Torr of PCO2
37 degrees

Question 18

basic vs acidic environments

Answer 18

• basic= upward L-shift; greater affinity
• acidic= downward R-shift; lower affinity
• –indicates metabolically active and release of O2

Question 19

high vs low CO2 environments

Answer 19

• high CO2= upward L-shift; greater affinity
• –indicates metabolically active and release of O2
• low CO2= downward R-shift; lower affinity

Question 20

high vs low temp environment?

Answer 20

• high temp= upward L-shift; greater affinity
• –indicates metabolically active and release of O2
• low temp= downward R-shift; lower affinity

Question 21

No 2,3 DPG vs more than normal ?

Answer 21

• none= upward L-shift; greater affinity
• more= downward R-shift; lower affinity
• –indicates metabolically active and release of O2

Question 22

Hb gets an increase in O2 affinity when acidic or basic?

Answer 22

alkalic / basic

Question 23

why is 2,3 BPG levels important to check when giving blood

Answer 23

bc if the blood is low on BPG, then the blood will bind to and hold onto oxygen (aka not release it ats needed areas)

Question 24

at high altitude you make more or less 2.3 BPG? important why?

Answer 24

more

**important bc it increases the Hb tendency to release oxygen

Question 25

CO2 binds to the?

Answer 25

globin subunit of the deoxygemoglobin

Question 26

how is CO2 carried?

Answer 26

1) dissolved in plasma (5-10%)
2) as carbamino compounds (5-10%)
3) as bicarbonate (70-90%)

Question 27

what happens when deoxyhemoglobin gets into a high O2 environment?

Answer 27

CO2 and proton comes OFF of the globin part and oxygen then bidns to the heme subunit

Question 28

loading and unloading O2 and CO2 at the lungs and tissures

Answer 28

1) deoxyhemoglobin can bind H+ and CO2 HbH-CO2

2) high PP of O2 will displace the H+ and CO2