4.9 Endocrine female Flashcards
two cycles and main functions?
1) ovarian cycle = primary function is development and release of mature ovum
2) uterine cycle = primary function is preparation of uterin endometirum for implantation
4 parts of ovarian cycle
1) follicular growth phase
- -from primordial immture follciel to mature graadian follicle
2) ovulation
- -when follicle opens and releases mature egg (ovum)
3) luteal phase
- -what is left over after egg is released is cells ‘corpus luteum
4) involution
- -what happen to corpus luteum if there is no fertilization
follicular growth phase of ovarian cycle
- before ovulation
- lasts 14 days
- primordial follicle into graafian follicle
ovulation of ovarian cycle
- release mature ovum
- occurs on 14th day in middle of cycle
luteal phase of ovarian cycle
- phase immediatley after ovulation
- lasts 12 days
- development of corpus luteam from follicle
- corpus luteum secrete progesterone (And some estrogen)
involution of ovarian cycle
- final phase of ovarian cycle
- lasts 2 days
- regression of corpus luteum into nonfunctional corpus albicans
what are the 3 phases of uterine cycle?
1) menstural phase
2) proliferation phase
3) secretoary phase
menstraul phase of uterine cycle
- necrotic endometirum is sloughed off from PREVIOUS cycle if no fertilization happened
- lasts an average of five days
proliferation phase of uterine cycle
- regrowth of endometrium fro current cycle
- lasts 9 to 11 days
secretory phase of uterine cycle
- endometrial glands secrete fluid and mucus for potential implanted blastocyst
- lasts 12 days
6 important hormones for females?
1) estrogen
2) progesterone
3) follicle stimulatinghormone
4) luteinizing hormone
5) human chorionic gonadotropin
6) inhibin
what does estrogen primarily promote?
growth and proliferation of structural changes like endometrail proliferation, vascular growth, and framework of mammary glands
progesterone functions?
endometrial glandular secretions and alveolar development of mammary glands
FSH function?
1) follicle growth and devel
2) estrogen secretion from follicle
estrogen more important for?
progesterone more important for?
estrogen= follicular devel progesterone= during corpus luteum
LH function?
1) ovulation
2) luteinization after ovulation and devel of CL
3) pregoesterone secretion from CL
Why does LH keep CL alive?
so it can secrete progesterone until placenta is formed and can do it
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) finction?
act like LH
- luteinization and devel of CL
- progesterone secretion from CL
inhibin function
inhibits FSH production and secretion
E and P negtive feedback on?
hypothalamus and Ant Pit
*estrogen better, both can do alone, together is best
is E or P the framework or secretion?
E= framework P= secretion
why does E and P having similar structure to aldosterone matter?
bc aldosterone deals with water resorption
*If E and P are structurally similar they can retain Na, water and make you blaoted
cause of menopause?
failure of follicle to respond to gonadotropins (LSH and LH still high, but no response!)
menopause has incline of what hormones and decline of what hormone?
incline in gonadotropins
- -decline in E and P
- -ovulation stops
hyper vs hypogonadism?
- *hyper= too much estrogen causing thick endometrium and irregular heavy cycles due to tumor
- *hypo= low estrogen due to poorlu developed ovaries causing childlike sexular development or greater than normal growth in heght bc late plate union and amenorrhea
amenorrhea
prolonger menstrual cycles with long time between menstural phases
E and P affect on uterus
E= irritant, avoid prego P= calmer, best for implantation
two drugs to increase fertility?
pergonol and clomid; both stimulate gonadotropin production (induce ovulation and follicular growth)
define capacitation
enzymes from endometrium digest layer of glucoprotein off sperm so it can fertilize ovum
what promotes sperm movement?
1) oxyocin from female
2) prostaglandin release from male and female
3) uterine and ductile contractions
ferilization occurs in?
ampulla
takes how long for 1st cell division?
30 hours
morulla
at least 8 cell big ball
- takes 3 days
blastocyst
hollowing of ball to become a blastocyst
- takes 64 cells and 5-6 days
- *WHAT EMBEDS INTO endometrium
two parts of blastocyst?
1) trophoblast that becoems placenta
2) inner cell mass that becomes embryo
implantation occurs?
6-7 days
trophoblasts does what?
1) secrete enzymes and helps blastocyst implantation
* **syncytiotrophoblast
2) projection to contact vasculature
* ** sytotrophoblast
prego test?
hCG blood and urine assays allow for early detection of pregonancy (8-10 days after ovulation)
estrogen dual role?
1) myometrium irritant
2) increase # of oxytocine = INDIRECT AFFECT to promote making of oxytocine receptors on myometrium (cause contractions more easily in next prego)
