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Physiology > 5.1.2 Pulmonary > Flashcards

5.1.2 Pulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

functional residual capacity

A

amount of gas that resides in your lungs when you relax

*can breath in or out from this point

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2
Q

total lung capacity

A

as deep of breath as you can take. the most gas you can hold

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3
Q

tital volume

A

normal amount of gas movement in and out

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4
Q

inspiratory reserve volume

A

volume for gas we hold in reserve for a deeper inspiration effect
*exercise

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5
Q

inspiratory capacity

A

both IRV and TV together!

*basically all the air you can hold minus resting aka FRC

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6
Q

expiratory reserve volume

A

exhaled out as much as we can

*NOTE: still gas in lungs (RV)

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7
Q

residual volume

A

amount of air always in lungs as a safety mechanism
*advantage for us not to exhale everything out bc if you’d completly exhale out you’d collapse lung and its is hard to re-inflate

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8
Q

vital capacity

A

when you exhale gas from total capacity to gone (IRV to RV… or IRV + ERV + RV)

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9
Q

forced vital capacity

A

how fast and hard you exhale out your VP

  • max airflow test
  • determines restrictive or obstructive diseases (obstructive= airflow; restrictive= probs inflating)
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10
Q

What is V,E?

A

minute volume

  • amount of gas expired in one minuate…. TV*frequency
  • *SO 600mL and 25 breaths a minute= 15,000 mL/min
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11
Q

1) when do you start to find alveoli on airways?

2) when do you terminate into sacs?

A

1) 17th branch

2) 23 divisions

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12
Q

conducting vs respiratory zone?

A
  • conduction= no exchange

* respiratory= gas exchange

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13
Q

clinically, V,E or V,A is more important?

A

V,A

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14
Q

descrie V,A?

A

how much gas is actually making it to alveolar every min

*take how much breath is coming in (TV) minus the amount of air in conducting zone (Deadspace). multiply frequency

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15
Q

what is deadspace (DS)?

A

conducting airways represent anatomic deadspace, no exchange

*unperfused alveoli

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16
Q

how do you estimate V,A?

A

a person’s bodyweight (in pounds) but in mL!

  • doesn’t work if obese
  • so a 80 pound person= 80 mL= V,A
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17
Q

how can breathing be a limiting factor in your life?

A

when you have a respiratory disease and 60-70% of your oxygen you’re consuming is going toward ventilation

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18
Q

normal cost of breathing vs exercise?

A 
normal= >5%
exercise= 30%
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19
Q

what does compliance mean?

A

yielding to pressure

20
Q

in pulmonary compliance, change in pressure leads to cahange in?

A

change in volume

21
Q

what is pulmonary compliance curve?

A

shows how lung volume is affected by pressure (think of patients story from class- want somwhere in middle)

22
Q

what is transpulmenary pressure?

A

difference in trachea minus intrapleural pressure

*just think of it as intrapleural pressure

23
Q

what is pulmonary compliance?

A

the change in volume due to a given change in pressure
= V/P
= 1/ER

24
Q

pulmonary compliance is inversely related to?

A

1) elastic recoil

2) stiffness

25
Q

high/low compliance in relation to stiffness?

A
  • high com= low stiff

* low PC = high stiff

26
Q

elastic recoil potential is used for?

A

passive expiration

27
Q

describe low curve of Pul Compliance?

***must know all 3

A
  • down and too the right
  • high ER, stiff lung
  • struggle to inspire
28
Q

describe high curve of Pul Compliance?

** must know all 4

A
  • up and to the left
  • small change in pressure causes large volume change
  • low elastic recoil, NOT stiff
  • hard to expire
29
Q

what are the two primary components to ER?

A

1) connective tissue

2) surface tension

30
Q

the more alveoli expansions, the more?

A

ER it has

*connective tissue involved

31
Q

what does all fibrosis have in common?

A

inappropriate development of fibrotic starlike tissue in the small airways across the alveoli
*inappropriate proliferation of inelastic scar tissue

32
Q

fibrosis

***

A
  • increased CT and ER
  • decreased compliance
  • difficult to expand alveoli due to thick walls, hard to breath in
33
Q

emphysema

*****

A
  • decreased CT and ER
  • increased complience
  • breakdown of CT, causes thin walls
  • easy to inflat but difficult to breath out
34
Q

why is it important to have a lot of neutrophil elastase in lining of lung?

A

defense against invading pathways entering via airway

35
Q

why is it important to have a lot of alpha 1-antitrypsin in lining of lung?

A
  • stops and regulates the activity of neutrophil elastase

* bc we don’t want neut. elastase breaking down lining of lungs

36
Q

________ disease is commonly associated with smoking

A

emphysema

37
Q

emphysema is commonly associated with smoking, but can come naturally from?

A

a deficiency of alpha 1-antitrypsin

38
Q

smoking inhibits?

A

alpha 1-antitrypsin, so it allows neutrophils elastase to break down walls

39
Q

all alveoli have a thin layer of?

A

water

*water likes to cling to itself (surface tension)

40
Q

everytime we take a breath, we have to break?

A

surface tension (break water bonds)

41
Q

of the two major components of ER (CT and surface tension) which exerts a greater effect on ER?

A

surface tension!

42
Q

explain why surface tension exerts the greatest affect on ER?
** look at notes to see graph

A

inflate with water and you don’t have to break surface tension. So you KNOW you’re only measureing how much expansion is due to CT

  • you can see on graph that a lot less volume is due to CT by filling with saline
  • and a lot more volume is due to breaking surface tension by filling with air
43
Q

what is pulmonary surfactant?

A
  • a complex protein/lipid molecule
  • it is made and secreted in a mature lung to decrease the surface tension of water
  • therefore, it decreases and normalizes pulmonary compliance
44
Q

alveolar type 2 cells make?

A

pulmonary surfactant

*starts making it around 4th month of gestation, but is NOT FUNCTIONAL until 7th month

45
Q

when is pulmonary surfactant made?

A

alveolar type 2 cells making it around 4th month of gestation, but is NOT FUNCTIONAL until 7th month

  • EVEN then it is NOT enough until the 36-37th week of pregnancy for both quantitiy and quality
  • Bovine and pig surfactant is used in premie babies
46
Q

IRDS?

A

infant respiratory distress syndrome

**Bovine and pig surfactant treatments are used in premie babies and cut mortality in half

Physiology (42 decks)

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